Chess is one of the most difficult games of all time. Chess games can last several minutes, hours or even days. This game requires attentiveness, concentration and composure. But, like any ancient game, chess has several secrets.
All eyes on the enemy
There are a huge number of chess combinations. But it is hardly possible to remember them all. However, after the opening, you can try to calculate the enemy’s moves, not just one move, but three. If you managed to calculate correctly, then victory will not take long to arrive.
This is a project approved by our readers, in which you or your child will be able to improve their playing skills, complete a chess level, and in a short time grow to a prize-winner of regional tournaments. The teachers are FIDE masters, online training.
All figures will move
The opening - the beginning of the game - can be the key to a successful game. Read the article about beginning in chess -. One of the most important rules of the opening is to remove all your pieces from their places, but not to give such an opportunity to your opponent. If all the pieces are free, it makes it much easier to achieve victory. And if a piece remains in its place for a long time, then it is very easy to block it until the end of the game.
The king's safety comes first
Every player has the desire to “eat” all the opponent’s pieces. But in the heat of the party it is easy to forget about the main figure - the king. One wrong move and he could be defeated. Therefore, you always need to keep your king in sight, protecting it from your opponent’s pieces.
Pawns are not minor pieces
Some people believe that pawns are the most insignificant pieces that are of practically no use. Perhaps their “cost” is lower than a rook, knight and others, but their value is the same. Experienced chess players say that pawns are perhaps the main pieces on the field. Skillful manipulation of pawns can help you win quickly and beautifully.
Center control
The most important positions for victory are in the center of the field, so control over it must be established as quickly as possible. In this case, you need to be very careful and analyze positions. If, for example, a given position in the center would be fatal for pawns, then they should not be used, giving preference to piece pressure on the center of the chessboard.
The secrets of playing chess for beginners are a necessary and necessary point in developing skills that will help you win.
If you find it difficult to comprehend text and are planning to develop further, then watch the video: Secrets of playing chess
Good day, dear friend!
There is some confusion in the concept of tactics in chess. I don’t know whether you will be surprised or not, but the concepts of “chess tactics” and “chess tactics” are somewhat different.
Strategy and tactics in chess
Game tactics- a term from military terminology. Something like combat tactics. Namely, tactics includes the development, preparation and implementation of combat operations.
In essence, it is the ability to manage all available resources.
Chess tactics – a set of techniques for implementing strategy in a chess game. I hope I didn't confuse you too much.
That is, the tactics of playing chess in a broad sense consists of the following components:
- Strategy is the path to achieving the desired result in a particular game.
- Chess tactics are tools for implementing strategy.
Strategy – planning, tactics – implementation. We discussed the game strategy in the article.
Today we'll talk about tactics.
Chess tactics
The importance of tactics in a chess game is no less than strategy. Perhaps even more.
A chess player can evaluate a position well and make correct plans. But if he does not have a sufficient tactical arsenal, he will not be able to implement them and bring them to the desired result.
Moreover, the cost of a tactical mistake is higher than a strategic one . If you checkmate in two turns, all your strategic achievements are instantly worthless.
During a game, tactical issues are resolved by a chess player much more often than he is faced with strategic issues.
Tactical Arsenal
We have already discussed various tactics. Double strike - this is all the tactical arsenal of a chess player. Of course it's incomplete. All these techniques are practiced.
Tactical Operations
A tactical operation creates a stage of the game, which includes a sequence (often forced) of moves with a specific goal.
At this stage, the moves have a logical sequence. Each of which may seem incomprehensible, but together they create an understandable whole.
A tactical operation consists of three stages:
- Finding an idea
- Calculation of options
- Impact assessment
One of the types of tactical operations in a chess game is. In essence, this is a tactical operation with casualties.
All three components of a tactical operation are equally important. For example, assessing consequences. It is important to see whether the benefits of the combination will be offset by other factors. For example, you won a pawn, but your queen was trapped.
Almost always, the ability to carry out a successful tactical operation or combination relies on already accumulated positional advantages.
Examples of tactics in the service of strategy
Attack tactics
Black successfully carries out his plan to “squeeze” White’s kingside. With the help of an outpost on e4 they moved pieces to attack.
From my own experience, I will say that in such a position there is a strong feeling that a tactical strike is ripe.
That is, the translation of positional advantages into results. In this case, the result is seen as a mating attack. The question is which option leads to the goal. It is not difficult to make sure that direct sacrifices do not go through. But still:
1…Rg3!!
2.fg If you don't take the rook, the sacrifice on h3 decides.
2….Kg4+
3.Kh1 Q:g3
and checkmate in the next move.
Endgame tactics
In the endgame, the most important theme is the promotion of the pawn. It is with the aim of ensuring the passage of a pawn that combinations are often carried out.
For example:
Who said rook endings can't be won?
1.L:s2!! L:s2(on 1…Rd8 –2.Rs6 and Ke4 winning)
2.d7 and you can't hold the pawn.
A typical technique for fighting rook against rook in similar positions is if Black is on 1.L:s2 play 1…La8, That 2. d7 Kf7 3. Rc8!
and White wins.
Another example:
How to play as white?
1.a5!!
Now Black has two possibilities to hold up the pawn, but... both run into “tactics”.
1. ...R:g4 2.a6 Rg1 3.a7 Ra1 4.Ra3!!
and White wins.
Second option:
1. a5 R:g4 2.a6 Rh4 3.Rd8!!
And after 3...K:d8 4.a7 you can't hold the pawn.
Frankly speaking, knowing endgame tactics is extremely important. Tactical opportunities in the endgame are more common than is commonly believed.
Finally:
How to learn tactical skills?
- Find and remember The set of such positions should be constantly replenished. These are, in a sense, the end points of your tactical operations.
- Remember typical techniques.
- “Play” various tactical strikes and combinations in your mind. To develop spatial imagination.
And of course, practical play and analysis of the games played. Skill is formed only by practice.
Thank you for your interest in the article.
If you found it useful, please do the following:
- Share with your friends by clicking on the social media buttons.
- Write a comment (at the bottom of the page)
- Subscribe to blog updates (form under the social media buttons) and receive articles in your email.
Have a nice day!
Good day, dear friend!
Have you ever thought about your first move? At least a minute? I don't usually think either. Three to five seconds maximum. But David Bronstein, at one time one of the strongest contenders for the chess championship, was considering first move 15 minutes, or even more. The reason according to him: chess strategy with a specific enemy requires preparation and thought.
A small note: the best way to learn strategy in chess is through training: a special collection of video courses will be an excellent help for you.
What is strategy in chess?
I did this at the board before the start of the game. Your humble servant is by no means calling for following the methods of David Ionovich. He was known as an incorrigible original and even an eccentric.
Most experienced chess players prepare for the game ahead of time, which is more than reasonable. One thing is clear: the party should not develop according to the “Lazarus mind”. There must be a strategy. At worst, just some kind of plan in my head.
If you like to play positionally or combinationally, then this is not a strategy. This is your play style.
Obviously, when playing chess, it is important to be guided by certain principles. For example, in the opening for beginners:
- Fast development
- Convenient placement of figures
- Organization of interaction between figures
- Mastering the central fields
But this is also not a strategy.
The strategy in each game is specific and is based on a plan.When a chess player is looking for the best move, going through options, general chess principles and laws usually do not come to mind.
General principles in chess are not directly used. Their purpose is different: they enrich our intuition. During the game, we go through the options and make a move that corresponds to the principle we have studied and understood.
“Success in chess requires the ability to move masses of heterogeneous forces, to gain time, to take advantage of the opponent’s mistakes,” wrote the Russian master I. Shumov more than a hundred years ago.
And not just “move”, but conduct the battle according to a specific plan, created taking into account specific circumstances.
Main thought: The strategy is always specific . It depends on who your opponent is and the current assessment of the situation.
Who is your Bob?
Bob is a figurative name for your opponent.
Who are you playing with? Every chess player has characteristics and preferences. This one is a debutant, this one is a time troubler, and this one is a counter. If you know these features, your strategy should take them into account.
Does your opponent like to move pawns away from the king and neglects defense? Great, play Bg5 and on h6 – Ch4, provoking g7-g5. Pawns do not move back, and the naked crawl will sooner or later begin to run under checks “like a victim.”
Likes to attack? Is he good at counting options? Pull him into your swamp, for example into the endgame. There he will get bored and will definitely start to “plow.”
How to start play “strategically”? Let's look at an example in pictures.
Example of strategy implementation
Suppose we have a game with White against chess player X. We know:
- This chess player is an “attacker”, prefers complex double-edged positions with an abundance of combination possibilities
- He plays the Spanish game, preferring sharp variations like the Marshall counterattack.
- In this tournament situation, he will be satisfied with a draw outcome
Our strategy:
- Based on the opening, create a position with a pawn structure that is advantageous for moving into the endgame
- Strive for simplifications (a draw suits him) and transition to a slightly better ending
- Realize a small advantage in the endgame.
So let's go
1.e2-е4 e7-e5 2. Ng1-f3 Kb8-c6 3.Cf1-b5 a7-a6
We choose the exchange option for the Spanish flu:
4 Cb5:c6 d7:c6
Point one of our strategy has been completed. Doubling black pawns on the queenside gives White an advantage on the opposite flank.
For example, if we remove all the pieces from the board except the pawns, the ending will be in White's favor. They can organize a passed pawn. While blacks cannot do this.
Let's move on to the second point of our plan.
4.d2-d4 e5:d4 5.Qd1:d4
We know that our opponent in the tournament situation is satisfied with a draw and we can count on him to appreciate the exchange of queens as the shortest path to a draw.
Moreover, avoiding an exchange worsens Black's position. For example, 6... Qd8-e7 is followed by 7.Bc1-g5 with tempo.
5…. Qd8:d4 6.Kf3:d4
The next stage of our strategy is further simplification. Ideally, we strive for something like this:
In this ending, White has excellent chances of winning. In fact, we have an extra pawn, because three white pawns are successfully holding back four black pawns on the queenside.
The task is to form a passed pawn in the center. Actually, this is a matter of technique - the endgame is won for White.
The game is not so simple
It is clear that in a practical game everything is rarely so simple.
Already at the strategy planning stage, we must take into account that in a real game we will encounter constant opposition from the enemy, who implements his plan and interferes with the implementation of ours. It is in this clash of ideas that the struggle at the board develops.
Almost always, our plan to implement a strategy will have to make adjustments along the way. Actual position factors may vary. There is no need to be afraid or intimidated by this during the game. These are the laws of chess combat.
A short summary:
Strategy in chess is a concrete concept. This is the path to success in a game, based on a plan taking into account the personality of the opponent, his preferences, and the tournament situation.
Strategy is not a constant. Chess is a confrontation. Your opponent will interfere with you. It's important not to panic if something doesn't go according to plan. and be prepared to reassess the situation.
Isn't it like that in life? Changes appear constantly and often dictate our decisions. However, we have a life strategy. Or there should be. Otherwise, the wind of change may take us to the wrong shores where we would like. Chess is in many ways a reflection of life. And this is their relevance, attractiveness and usefulness.
Thank you for your interest in the article.
If you found it useful, please do the following:
- Share with your friends by clicking on the social media buttons.
- Write a comment (at the bottom of the page)
- Subscribe to blog updates (form under the social media buttons) and receive articles in your email.
Have a nice day!
This time I would like to tell you something about chess. Many of us know the rules of this game, but that’s usually all there is to it. That is, a person only knows how each piece moves, and what checkmate is to the king (and that castling exists is generally known only to a select few).
Not so long ago, I became interested in chess a little more seriously (it became uninteresting and not productive to move pieces aimlessly). I flipped through a couple of books on strategy and tactics, played several hundred games and have already learned some lessons for myself.
First of all, I must say that if any of you wants to become a professional player, he will have to memorize openings for a long time and tediously (openings are the first moves of the game, during which the pieces are withdrawn and the initial position is taken for a successful attack/defense), various positions of checking the king and other theory.
If you just want to learn how to play chess well (above average), learn Just the basic principles will suffice. It is with them that I want to introduce you in this post.
Basic principles of strategy and tactics in chess
1. Be sure to remember the value of each piece:
queen - 9 points
rook - 5 points
elephant - 3 points
horse - 3 points
pawn - 1 point
These numbers are very important to consider when exchanging pieces. Let's say that exchanging a knight and bishop for a rook is unprofitable, and two rooks are predominantly stronger than the queen. However, it is always worth considering the current position. If you have a bishop that, because of your own and enemy pawns, simply has nowhere to move, at the first opportunity, exchange it for a knight or a mobile bishop of the enemy. Especially this refers to the knight exchange<->elephant.
2. In the opening, try to develop your pieces as quickly as possible (bring them to advantageous positions from which a large space can be “bombarded”), and also occupy the center with pawns. For beginners, it is better to start with the pawn move e2-e4 for White and respond with e7-e5 for Black. I also advise you to still learn at least the first 5 moves of the opening of three, four knights, the Hungarian Defense and other openings starting with e2-e4.
3. At the first opportunity (if there is no intense struggle at the moment), castling. Castling is done by moving the king two squares to the right or left, and the rook towards which the king moves becomes to the left or right of the king, respectively. Castling is possible only if the king and the corresponding rook have not moved, there are no pieces between them, and the squares between them are not attacked by the enemy. Also, castling is impossible during check of the king.
4. Learn to exchange pieces correctly - not just for points. Let's say, if your opponent has developed a knight, making 2-3 or more moves, and you beat him with a bishop, which has not yet made a single move, such an exchange will most likely be profitable, because you gain tempo (in other words, you win in terms of speed in development).
5. An exchange in which the opponent doubles pawns can also be profitable (say, the knight was protected by a pawn, after the bishop captures it, the pawn takes the knight and finds itself in front of another pawn). With rare exceptions, double pawns have a negative impact on the position.
6. Carefully monitor where you place the pieces and where they end up in the exchange process. Try to ensure that the figure controls as many fields as possible (the figure controls those fields that are under attack, the field on which the figure itself is located is not controlled by it). So, for example, a knight should not be placed at the edge of the board, and a bishop should not be blocked by pawns. Remember that knights are strongest in the center of the board, bishops are on open diagonals (the longer the diagonal, the better), and rooks are strongest on open and half-open files (when there is not a single pawn in the way, or only an enemy pawn).
7. If possible, try to move your pawns closer to the enemy’s camp, this will constrain his position. However, do not forget about protecting the king - if you open it for check, you can then lose a lot of tempo.
8. Try to get passed pawns (which have no enemy pawns on their way or on adjacent files) - remember that this is a big threat to the enemy (a pawn, having reached the end of the board, can transform into any piece), and sometimes a pawn easily pins one of the enemy pieces, which will be forced to block it.
9. In the endgame (the stage when most of the pieces have already been exchanged), do not forget about the king - he can easily defend his pieces, attack enemy pieces and will be a good help in attacking or promoting pawns to queens.
10. Try to think at least a move ahead (a move is considered to be moving a white and then a black piece, i.e. two half-moves). If any of the pieces is under attack, immediately count the number of attackers and defenders to find out who will benefit from the exchange if it is captured.
11. After each enemy move, analyze the change in position - which of your pieces are under attack, which of the enemy’s pieces are weakened, and immediately take appropriate measures. Remember that mindfulness in chess is simply necessary. By the way, the most common mistake of beginners: they often pay attention only to which pieces were under attack by the piece that just moved, but do not pay attention to the so-called. uncovered attack. For example, if a pawn moved and discovered a bishop, which is now attacking the queen.
12. Pay special attention to such combinations and techniques as a fork (an attack with a piece on two enemy pieces at once), an exposed attack (see above), an exposed check (for example, a bishop, attacking a queen, opens a rook, which immediately checks the king - this way you can take the enemy queen), double check, etc. Also, be careful that the opponent himself does not fork you. Forks with a knight are especially formidable (since in this case it is impossible to protect yourself from an attack), in particular on the squares c7, f7 and c2, f2.
13. Be sure to learn how to checkmate (one king) from any position with a king and a queen, a king and a rook, and, preferably, two bishops (although such a position arises quite rarely, and checkmate here is very difficult). To do this, watch the video tutorials by Evgeniy Grinis below.
14. Be sure to learn the variations of the “children’s mate” and the correct reaction to an attempt to put it (also found in the lessons of Evgeniy Grinis).
15. Always consider the current opportunity to declare check on the king - evaluate which pieces can be attacked simultaneously with check (perhaps some of them are unprotected), the possible reaction of the enemy - will you win position or tempo with the most likely response of the enemy.
16. Remember that one of the most powerful techniques in chess are moves that pursue several goals at once, for example, attacking two unprotected pieces at once, attack + exposed attack, exchanging an ineffective piece and opening up space for castling, etc. Thus you can win either material or tempo or both.
That's all, in general, that's enough for a start. Using these tips, you can easily win against an unprepared opponent, or even compete with someone more experienced.
Still, it is important to understand what to underestimate experience under no circumstances. The more games you play, the better you will work out the principles described above, the more positions and combinations you will remember (you don’t have to memorize them, many combinations are memorized by themselves when you play them a sufficient number of times). You can play both with other people and with the computer. It should be noted that playing with people is much more interesting, because the psychological factor plays a big role here (for example, a person can set a trap with bait, but this will not work with a computer).
For those who want to go a little deeper into the study of chess, I am posting two textbooks by Yasser Seirawan - one on strategy, the second on tactics.
Video tutorials from Evgeniy Grinis
Chess for beginners. Basics of chess 1. Rules of chess. Comparative value of chess pieces
Chess for beginners. Chess Basics 2. Checkmate to the Lonely King
Chess for beginners. The computer plays without a queen and two rooks
Chess. Opening theory 1. Philidor's Defense, Ponziani's Opening (the beginning of the video talks about “children's checkmate”)
Information from the sponsor
Friend Around: popular messenger. It is now possible to install the Friend Around program on a computer running the Windows operating system.
Chess strategy- principles and methods of a chess game, covering the preparation and implementation of a systematic, consistent developing influence on the opponent’s position.
As a set of general principles for playing chess games, strategy has existed since the inception of the game itself. At the same time, starting with Philidor, a strategy is emerging that is based on creating first a pawn and then a general-piece structure of chess positions.
The elements of a chess strategy are:
- optimal arrangement of figures for a given situation;
- concentrating them on an important area of the struggle and ensuring interaction between them;
- creating maximum difficulties for the other party in performing assigned tasks;
- mastering space, especially in the center, or controlling it and constricting the opposing side’s pieces, or undermining the enemy’s center;
- harmonious, interconnected arrangement of pawns and weakening them on the other side;
- creating “good” pieces for yourself and “bad” pieces for your opponent;
- capturing open or half-open lines and key fields.
The combination of these elements at each moment of the game, taking into account possible specific proposals, makes it possible to evaluate the position, on the basis of which the game plan is determined.
Strategy is organically connected with the tactics of a chess game, uses its techniques to achieve strategic goals, and also creates a structural basis for delivering tactical attacks and implementing combinations.
Strategy is always abstract, while tactics are concrete. Games played in line with strategic plans are classified as positional; played in a tactical style - to combinational.
Chess tactics- a set of techniques and methods for performing individual chess operations included in the strategic plan and its completion.
The role of tactics in a chess game is extremely important: a blunder or a tactical miscalculation can lead to an immediate loss of the game. When opposing forces come into direct contact, when the pieces of the sides attack or threaten to attack each other, a tactical situation arises on the board. In tactical operations, figures interact with each other, with a major role played by the coordinated action of the figures of one side against the other.
In any tactical operation, 3 components can be distinguished:
- object of attack;
- means of attack;
- Remedies.
Targets of attack There can be not only kings, but also any other pieces or pawns. Sometimes the target of an attack may be a group of fields or one field in the location of the opponent’s forces.
Elementary means of attack include threats of attack, attacks, restrictions, but effective means of attack are double and combined attacks.
Among the elementary means of defense are the withdrawal of the attacked piece, its support by another piece, blocking the action of the attacking piece, and a retaliatory attack. When defending, it is rarely possible to retaliate with a double or combined attack.
Combination- the most important element of chess game tactics, which is often associated with sacrifice, which makes it especially attractive from an aesthetic point of view.
Elements of chess tactics:
Undermining the center- a strategic technique in a chess game, used to weaken or destroy the enemy center, one of the most effective means of modern opening strategy. Occurs in all stages of a chess game.
Zugzwang(German: Zugzwang “forced to move”) - a position in checkers and chess in which one of the parties finds itself in a position in which any move leads to a worsening of the position.
Currently, the term is used not only in chess, but also in other sports (billiards, curling), in gambling and board games (backgammon, card games), as well as in many other areas, and even in everyday life. For example, in the meaning when any action or inaction will still lead to a worsening of the situation, that is, “you can’t do it and you can’t not do it.”
In a zugzwang, one of the sides or both at once (mutual zugzwang) has no useful or neutral moves, and the movement of any of the pieces leads to a deterioration in the assessment of one’s own position (in the strict sense, to a deterioration in the result).
Often one encounters an imaginary zugzwang, that is, a position whose outcome does not change when an imaginary move passes to the opponent, but the absence of useful moves is subjectively felt.
Another common apparent zugzwang is any losing position in which the loser is forced to passively await impending defeat.
Bunch(English pin, German Fesselung), in chess - a position in which a long-range piece (queen, rook, bishop) attacks an enemy piece (or pawn), behind which another enemy piece is located on the line of attack (pin line). Thus, at least three figures are involved in the connection.
The attacking piece is called a tying piece, the defending piece is called a tied piece, since a tying piece usually leads to a limitation of its mobility and attacking actions. A pin can be complete (absolute), if the pinned piece completely loses the ability to move, protecting its king, and incomplete (relative), when the pinned piece can move - either along the line of the pin, or if it protects not the king, but another piece of its own. A piece can give check or mate even when pinned. In addition, a connected piece can, in turn, tie an opponent's piece. The action leading to the formation of a ligament is called binding.
In a chess composition, the following methods of tying are distinguished:
Direct, when a long-range piece goes to the pin line, pinning a piece (or pawn) of a different color.
Indirect, when a piece (or pawn) of the same color as the pinner leaves the pinning line.
Self-linking, when a pin is created by the move of the side whose piece (or pawn) is pinned.
Hidden(disguised) pin - a position in which a pin is formed as a result of one or more pieces of any color leaving the pin line.
Half-link- a position in which between the king and a long-range piece of a different color there are two pieces (or pawns) of the same color as the king. The departure of any of these two pieces (pawns) creates a pin for the remaining piece (pawn) - a special case of self-pin. A semi-couple is also a special case of a disguised copula.
third bundle- a position in which between the king and a long-range piece of a different color there are three pieces (or pawns) of the same color as the king. The departure of any two of these three pieces (pawns) creates a pin for the remaining piece (pawn).
Enticement(attraction) is a tactical technique that forces (with the help of sacrifices, attacks or threats) an opponent’s piece to occupy a certain field or line in order to take advantage of the unfortunate position of this piece.
Figure distraction, a tactical technique in which a piece forced to move to another field ceases to perform any important functions (for example, protecting another piece, field or line). Distraction is often achieved through sacrifice.
Destruction of protection- a tactical technique used to eliminate (through sacrifices or exchanges) the opponent’s pieces or pawns protecting or covering other pieces (in particular, the king). Often, destruction of protection is an integral element of various combinations.
Overlap in chess- a tactical technique in a chess game, the placement of a piece on the lines of action of long-range pieces. Often in practical play it is understood as the placement of one’s own piece on the lines of action of the opponent’s long-range pieces in order to disrupt their attacking or defensive actions.
Blocking(field blocking) is a tactical technique by which opponent’s pieces are forced to block the retreat path of another, usually more valuable piece, which becomes the target of attack. A special type of enticement: when enticing, the object of attack is the enticed figure; when blocking, the object is the blocked one.
Clearing the field- a tactical technique that allows you to free up the field necessary for another piece. In chess composition, clearing the square for the king is called unblocking. As a theme in the problem, the release of the field is often combined with the sacrifice of a piece - the so-called. liberating sacrifice.
Chess theory is a collection of studies devoted to various aspects of the chess game. Its active development began in the 15th century, when chess rules were established in a form that has remained virtually unchanged to this day.
Party stages. The theory distinguishes three stages of a chess game: opening, middlegame and endgame.
Debut- the initial stage of the game, lasting the first 10-15 moves. In the opening, the main task of the players is to mobilize their own forces, prepare for a direct clash with the enemy and begin such a clash. The opening stage of the game is the most well studied in theory, there is a comprehensive classification of openings, recommendations for optimal actions in certain variations have been developed, and a large number of unsuccessful opening systems have been eliminated.
Middlegame- middle of the game. The stage that begins after the debut. It is here that the main events of a chess game usually take place (situations where a win is achieved in the opening are very rare). It is characterized by a large number of pieces on the board, active maneuvering, attacks and counterattacks, competition for key points, primarily for the center. The game can end already at this stage, usually this happens when one of the parties makes a successful combination. Otherwise, after capturing more pieces, the game goes into the endgame.
Endgame- the final stage of the game. Characterized by a small number of pieces on the board. In the endgame, the role of pawns and the king increases sharply. Often the main theme of the game in the endgame is the passage of passed pawns. The endgame ends either with the victory of one of the parties, or with the achievement of a situation where victory is in principle impossible. In the latter case there is a draw.
Chess as a game with complete information. Chess is a game of complete information, so the outcome of the game is predetermined if at least one of the players follows an optimal strategy that guarantees a win (or a draw). It has been mathematically proven that such a strategy, provided the game is finite, certainly exists (for chess, as for any other game with complete information), but at the moment it has not been found for chess. The large number of options for moves and possible positions prevents the “mechanical” calculation of the game’s progress more than a few moves ahead, so in practice the outcome of the game is unpredictable.
|
