The beginning of menstruation in girls is established. What is monthly? What determines the duration of the appearance of menstruation

The onset of menstruation is a sure sign that a girl has turned into a girl and, theoretically, can give birth. The timing of your first period varies by region, race, and hereditary factors. In

How old do girls start their periods normally? We will try to answer this and other questions below.

The age at which girls begin menstruation is determined primarily by genetics. If the mother and grandmother started at the age of 12, then the girl should also expect the onset of menstruation around this time. But still, in most cases, a girl turns into a girl between 11 and 13 years old, that is, 2-2.5 years after they began to grow. If menstruation began at 9 years old or earlier, then this is considered early menstruation. If the female malaise has not visited the girl after 15 years, then you should consult an endocrinologist. Violations can be caused by malfunctions in the endocrine system or hormonal imbalances.

The age at which girls start menstruating depends on a number of factors, including not only heredity, but also the level of physical development, the diseases that the girl had in early childhood, the quality of nutrition, the general emotional background, place of residence and origin. Menstruation in girls begins earlier if from childhood they overtake their peers in development. And vice versa, if the development is somewhat slowed down, then the "red days of the calendar" may come later. If during puberty and childhood, the girl did not receive enough

the amount of vitamins and malnourished, then menstruation will come with a delay. Therefore, in order to find out exactly what time girls begin menstruation, you need to take into account many factors and understand that this process is purely individual. For example, for girls who live in southern countries, the transformation into a girl occurs earlier than for their peers living in the northern regions. Meanwhile, in our latitudes, menstruation occurs in girls in winter. It is believed that in summer, in conditions of heat and a low-calorie diet, the body pushes the start of the first menstruation to the winter, since more calories are consumed in winter.

The impact of previous diseases on the menstrual cycle

The age at which a girl begins her period is also affected by past illnesses. For example, not only meningitis and encephalitis, but also frequent colds, SARS, tonsillitis negatively affect. Of the chronic diseases, diabetes mellitus, heart defects, and bronchial asthma have the greatest impact. All this slows down the development, leading to the fact that the girl's menstruation occurs later.

How to prepare a girl for the onset of menstruation, and what day is considered the first day of the cycle?

First you need to explain that everything is normal and that menstruation is not a disease, but a natural state of the body. For a long time, many cannot understand when it begins, mistakenly believing that the first day of a new cycle is the day the menstruation ends. In fact, the first day of the cycle always coincides with the first day of menstruation. Regardless of the age at which girls begin menstruation, it is necessary to explain what changes occur in the body, as well as what consequences they entail.

• Date: 30-04-2019
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The question of when girls begin menstruation does not have a clear answer. Much depends on heredity, hormonal background, nationality, place of residence, lifestyle, emotional state and other important factors. No doctor can accurately determine the time of the onset of the first menstruation. Although external signs may be harbingers of growing up, each child has individual characteristics that play an important role.

Harbingers of a girl growing up

Parents of girls get used to the fact that their daughter plays with dolls, that she is small, but from about 8-9 years old, a period will begin when the girl changes her behavior dramatically. She becomes shy, a little thoughtful, looking for solitude. All this indicates that physiological processes begin to occur in the child's body, which prepare the body for the appearance of menstruation.

Approximately two years before the first menstruation begins, girls experience physical and emotional changes. Physical signs of puberty include:

• feminine outlines of the figure;
• the appearance of hair in the pubic and axillary areas;
• enlargement of the external genitalia;
• breast enlargement;
• the appearance of acne;
• frequent mood swings;
• periodic pain in the lower abdomen or lower back.

Starting from the age of 9, the girl's body is gradually formed. The figure becomes feminine. Many girls during this period may be embarrassed by their appearance, especially if classmates have not yet undergone such changes. Under the influence of hormones, hair begins to grow in an intimate place. It is best for the mother to be open to communication during this special period and explain to her daughter all the nuances of growing up.

Before menstruation should begin, hormonal changes occur in the body, so acne appears not only on the face, but also on the back or chest. Hair becomes greasy and may fall out, dandruff often appears. A few months before the start of the first menstruation, vaginal discharge intensifies. Unlike infectious secretions, they are transparent and do not have an unpleasant odor. Do not be afraid if the girl has a clear discharge from the chest. This can be observed in the period of growing up. Hair may also appear on the chin.

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physiological process

The word "menstruation" in Latin means mensis - month, menstruus - monthly. This expression means an absolutely natural physiological process when blood discharge appears from the vagina. Menstrual blood does not coagulate and is darker in color than venous blood. This phenomenon is explained by the presence of various enzymes in menstrual flow.

Such bleeding occurs every month, so another name for menstruation appeared - menstruation. The duration of the discharge is 3-7 days. Every woman develops her own menstrual cycle over time. Menstruation may be absent during pregnancy, menopause, during breastfeeding, hormonal disruptions or diseases of the genitourinary system.

The female reproductive system consists of the uterus, fallopian tubes, two ovaries, and the vagina. The work of these organs directly affects menstruation, its duration and the amount of blood released. The uterine cavity is lined with a uterine layer called the endometrium. It changes under the influence of various processes associated with the preparation of the body for fertilization.

The follicle matures in the ovary, and at the same time, the hormone estrogen is produced. The endometrium begins to actively grow, thicken, in order to accept the fertilized egg. During one of the phases of the menstrual cycle, the follicle bursts. There is a process called ovulation. In place of the follicle, a corpus luteum is formed, under the action of which progesterone is produced. This hormone stops the growth of the endometrium, and then secretory changes occur.

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The further process depends on whether the fertilization of the egg has occurred. If pregnancy occurs, then menstruation stops, and the fertilized egg reaches the uterus and attaches there. For 9 months, all the organs and systems of the unborn child are being formed. If fertilization does not occur, the egg dies and is released along with blood secretions. And the whole process starts all over again.

When to expect the first manifestations

The body of each girl is individual. But there are general rules by which it is determined at what age girls begin menstruation. The first menstruation is called menarche from the Greek μήν - month and ἀρχή - beginning. The first menstrual bleeding usually occurs after the first physical changes after 1.5-2 years. When menstruation begins, this does not indicate that the girl is already ready for pregnancy, but only that fertilization is possible.

To endure and give birth to a healthy child, the girl's body must be fully formed. The body of a girl with the onset of menarche is completely unprepared for pregnancy. Therefore, the mother should explain to the teenager all the dangers of early pregnancy.

The first menstruation can begin at 10-15 years of age. According to some studies, the age when the first period begins depends largely on when the mother's period began. This genetic factor affects not only the time of menarche, but also the establishment of the menstrual cycle.

Earlier puberty can trigger the first menstruation at 9 years old. If menstruation did not appear before the age of 17, this indicates a delay in sexual development. There can be many reasons for early or late puberty. The age at which menstruation begins depends on the psychological state of the child. In emotional, mobile children, puberty begins earlier. It has to do with the level of hormones in the body.

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Features of menarche

It is important not only at what age girls begin their first menstruation, but also the formation of the menstrual cycle and the amount of discharge. The first menstruation may be irregular, heavy or scanty. All this is natural at this age. The onset of menarche may be accompanied by brown discharge with mucus, rather than blood. In this case, severe pain in the suprapubic part of the abdomen or in the lower back is possible.

At first, menstruation can last 5-7 days and be accompanied by copious discharge, and for some girls it happens the other way around - blood discharge is very scarce and lasts only 2-3 days. On the first day, the discharge may be brown, and acquire a brighter red color on day 2-3. Menstruation also ends with brownish discharge. Moms should not worry too much if their periods are delayed or go ahead of schedule.

The menstrual cycle will be formed within 2-3 years. During this period, it is important to teach the daughter to properly relate to changes in the body. Girls need to make it a rule to keep a menstrual schedule. To do this, it is enough to mark the beginning and end of menstruation on the calendar. This will allow you to notice changes and, if necessary, consult a doctor. The volume of secretions ranges from 50 to 200 ml per day. In the normal process, the pad should be changed 1-2 times a day. If a girl changes pads more often than after 1-1.5 hours, this may indicate bleeding.

Premenstrual syndrome

For adult women, this issue is not relevant, since they are already familiar with all the "charms" of premenstrual syndrome. But for girls who have not experienced the consequences of all female processes, new sensations can be a real test. Therefore, it is very important to prepare the child emotionally for this event.

A week before the onset of menstruation, girls begin to have chest pains, pain in the abdomen and in the lumbar region may appear.

The daughter may complain to her mother about the appearance of nausea, headache, dizziness, drowsiness. Sometimes, before menstruation begins, there is an increased appetite, a desire to eat a lot of sweets, in particular chocolate. The mood becomes changeable, tearful, depressive. A teenage girl may be aggressive or desire privacy.

This is all due to hormonal changes. For some girls, school performance worsens, conflicts with teachers and classmates may arise. All this has an explanation: the child does not know how to control his violent emotions, does not understand his condition, and some sensations are completely new for him. If the girl is not explained what menstruation is and how to behave during this period, then the appearance of blood on her panties can scare or cause shame and embarrassment.

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Doing a little test

At what age menstruation begins is determined not only by physiological and emotional changes. Taking a small personal test will help a mother prepare for and help her daughter grow up. The test consists of answering the following questions:

• how old is the child;
• When did your mother or grandmother start menstruating?
• At what age did breast enlargement begin?
• whether hair appeared under the arms and pubis;
• whether there was white discharge from the vagina;
• Does acne appear?
• How often does the mood change?

While these questions will help determine the timing of puberty, remember that every girl's body is different. Deviations from the generally accepted norm are possible. This test allows you to find out only the approximate time of the first menstruation. However, there are situations when you need to see a doctor.

By the age of 19, girls have a regular menstrual interval. Any deviation from the norm should alert. If there is a delay that is not provoked by pregnancy, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist and an endocrinologist. If the delay in menstruation occurs due to stress, overwork, moving, taking medication, then the condition stabilizes after these causes are eliminated. But there are serious gynecological diseases in which a violation of the menstrual cycle is possible.

Hygiene procedures

To avoid unnecessary problems, the girl should be explained the basic principles of hygiene on critical days. At the first menstruation, it is better to use pads with a cotton layer. Synthetic pads can cause irritation, sweating, which contributes to the rapid multiplication of pathogens.

It is necessary to change the hygiene product every 3-4 hours. If you do not change the pad within 6 hours, a dangerous phenomenon called toxic shock syndrome can occur. Wash your hands with soap and water before and after changing pads. Do not buy the girl hygiene products that are impregnated with fragrances, as there is a high risk of an allergic reaction. Do not store pads in the bathroom, as there is high humidity.

It is better to buy cotton underwear for your daughter. It is contraindicated to wear thongs due to the fact that they cause infectious and inflammatory processes. In adolescence, immunity is weakened, and violation of hygiene rules or poor-quality underwear will only add to the daughter's problems. During menstruation, you can not take a bath, but you can wash in the shower.

It is necessary to wash the genitals with each change of pads, but it is not recommended to use gel or soap every time, as this causes dryness and irritation of the mucous membrane. During menstruation, you should not play sports. It is important at this time to provide a teenager with a calm environment. Girls need to keep track of when their period is due and take pads to school to avoid embarrassing situations.

The female body, unlike the male, has its own characteristics. Nature is so arranged that a woman bears and gives birth to a child. In her body, starting from adolescence, there are complex biological processes associated with puberty and the onset of menstruation. You should know at what age menstruation begins in girls.

In the ovaries, the female sex glands, complex chemicals are synthesized and released into the blood - hormones called progesterone and estrogen. They affect the metabolic processes in the body, causing secondary sexual characteristics, the onset of menstruation.

The eggs mature in the follicles. Regular maturation of eggs capable of fertilization is observed from the onset of puberty. If the egg is not fertilized, then menstruation begins. The maturation of the follicle and the release of the egg from it in women corresponds to certain days between two periods, which is called ovulation.

The first menstruation indicates the onset of puberty, which occurs gradually. Menstruation is the external manifestation of the important and complex process of turning a girl into a girl. Girls should be aware that intimacy, regardless of young age, can lead to pregnancy.

Girls first period

According to statistics, earlier menstruation began in girls when they reached the age of 17-18. What age do girls start menstruating now? Now the first menstruation is celebrated at an earlier date than a hundred years ago. For some, critical days come at 12-13 years old, and for eastern representatives even 10-11 years old.

If menstruation appears very early, before 9 years, this indicates precocious puberty.

At what age do they start?

If critical days come at the age of 11-16 years, this is considered normal from the point of view of medicine.

If menstruation begins before the age of 11, then parents need to know that the reason for this may be:

• unbearable physical activity for this age;
• hormonal imbalance;
• unbalanced diet.

Late onset of puberty at 16-20 years is associated with:

• hormonal imbalance;
• neuropsychiatric disorders;
• insufficient development of the ovaries;
• dysfunction of the pituitary gland.

signs

About 2 years before the onset of critical days, girls begin to noticeably change:

• They become more feminine, their emotional mood changes, body shapes are rounded, breasts noticeably increase.
• In the armpits and on the pubis, the appearance of dark hairs is noted, the external genitalia slightly increase in size.
• In the body, hormonal changes take place, from the increased work of the sebaceous and sweat glands on the face, back, girls also have acne.
• The roots of the hair on the head quickly become oily.
• 2-3 months before the onset of menstruation, vaginal discharge of a whitish or yellowish nature is observed.

At the next stage, 3-4 months before the start of the first days of menstruation, girls begin to feel causeless apathy or aggression, they are worried about minor headaches, they become whiny and touchy.

All these signs should not be ignored by adults, they should psychologically prepare the girl for the onset of a new stage of development - for puberty.

What should be the menstruation?

It is known that the body loses from 50 to 100 ml, sometimes more blood during menstruation. They cause pulling or cramping pains, general weakness, fatigue, dizziness, headaches, some may experience nausea and vomiting.

Important Points

Do I need to visit a gynecologist?

If there are no obvious reasons, it is not necessary to visit the gynecologist's office regularly after the first menstruation. Moms should enroll their girls to a gynecologist for an examination at the age of 14-15 to make sure there are no health problems, their proper development.

There are reasons to visit a gynecologist after the onset of menstruation:

• A too short period of menstruation of 1-2 days is observed several times in a row, or menstruation lasts more than a week. In the first case, this indicates that hormones are not produced enough, ovarian function is impaired. In the second case, this indicates a weak contractility of the uterus.
• Bleeding is too abundant, you often have to change tampons and pads.
• After the first menstruation, menstruation was interrupted, the pause was about 6 months.
• After establishing a normal menstrual cycle, the cycles began to be disturbed (longer than 5 weeks or shorter than 3 weeks).
• In the secretions, the presence of large ones is observed.
• If abundant discharge with blood clots is noted, the girl has a stomach ache and dizziness, her body temperature is elevated, intestinal disorders are accompanied by vomiting and nausea.

All these symptoms indicate problems in the girl's health.
From all of the above, it follows that when the onset of the first menstruation approaches, the mother should talk in advance about possible changes in her daughter's body.

On the video about the first menstruation

From the point of view of gynecology, the onset of menarche is a central event in the development of the female body. The appearance of the first menstruation in girls indicates the emergence of the opportunity to bear a fetus. Depending on the type of nutrition, the physical development of the girl's body, previous somatic diseases, household and social factors, as well as on the geographical location, the timing of the onset of menarche varies from 8 to 16 years.

Harbingers of the first menstruation are causeless mood swings, sudden changes in fatigue and vigor, headaches. Girls often have pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, nausea and weakness.

Show all

first menstruation

During menstruation, there is a detachment of the functional layer of the mucous membrane of the uterus - the endometrium.

There is no specific age for the onset of menarche - the first menstruation indicates the development of the female body, its puberty. Most often, critical days for girls begin at the age of 11-14 years, rarely at the age of ten. The onset of menarche depends on the following factors:

• constitutional features of the body, including the physical development of the child;
• diseases transferred in childhood;
• heredity;
• type of food;
• social and living conditions.

There is a chance that the first menstruation will start at the same time as the mother and grandmother of the girl. This feature is due to a strong genetic influence. Also, if a child overtakes peer girls in physical development, most likely, menstruation will come a little earlier.

Late menarche occurs when there is a deficiency of protein, vitamins and trace elements in the girl's diet. Without a balanced diet, a girl's normal sexual development slows down.

The early onset of critical days (8-9 years) is sometimes caused by hormonal disorders or extreme physical exertion. If menstruation has not begun by the age of 16-17, you should consult a gynecologist, since this feature may indicate violations of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, ovarian pathologies and other endocrine disorders.



Symptoms

Mom will be able to easily learn about the changes that occur with her daughter during the premenstrual period. 1-2 years before menstruation appears, the development of secondary sexual characteristics intensifies in a girl:

• the figure acquires feminine features;
• the size of the mammary glands increases;
• hips become more rounded;
• hair begins to grow in the pubic area and armpits.

Due to hormonal changes in the body, many teenage girls develop acne on the face, chest and back.

A few weeks before the onset of menarche, a girl may notice the appearance of marks that look like transparent, white or yellowish lines on her underwear. Normally, the discharge does not have an unpleasant odor. If a girl complains of itching in the vaginal area, an unpleasant smell of discharge, it is necessary to visit a doctor.

Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by the following symptoms:

• frequent mood swings;
• tearfulness, fatigue;
• apathy or hysteria;
• unexplained headaches;
• discomfort and pain in the lower abdomen.



How is menarche

The main sign of menstruation in girls is the appearance of scanty or profuse bloody discharge from the vagina of red or brown color. Depending on the individual characteristics of the body, the volume of secretions is about 50-150 ml, and on the first day of blood is released a little - the most abundant discharge occurs on the second day, after which their volume is reduced. On average, the first menstruation lasts from 3 to 7 days.

Menstruation is accompanied by a feeling of weakness, pain in the lower third of the abdomen. Subsequently, these symptoms persist and periodically occur throughout the life of an adult woman.

The characteristic smell of secretions is associated with an increase in the secretory activity of the mucous glands of the vagina, which produce a specific secret.

It is important for a girl to understand that the presence of menstruation is a kind of indicator of women's health.



Peculiarities

In girls, the menstrual cycle is about 21-35 days. During the first two years, it is unstable and can constantly fluctuate. For example, one menstrual cycle lasts 26 days, and the next 32 or 33 days. For a teenage girl, this is a variant of the norm and does not indicate the presence of any pathology. If you suspect or worsen the condition of the girl, you should immediately consult a doctor.

The intervals between periods sometimes last from 1.5 to 6 months, since the menstrual function at such a young age is not completely formed. If the interval between periods is more than 2 months, a consultation with a gynecologist is necessary. A long interval between menarche and subsequent periods often indicates a serious endocrine disruption in the work of a young organism.

During the period of the first menstruation, you should advise your daughter to start a menstrual calendar, which marks the beginning and end of each menstruation. The first months or even years, the information received will be of little use, since the cycle will be irregular and unstable, but in adulthood, when menstruation becomes stable, such a calendar will allow you to track the course of menstruation. Too short or long interval will indicate a problem in the work of the female body.

Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene is one of the most important points. During critical days, adult female representatives actively use tampons and pads. Menstrual caps or caps are used much less often - an intimate hygiene product placed inside the vagina.

Pads are the most preferred for girls. Tampons impede the natural outflow of blood, and the menstrual cap has one significant disadvantage - the use of a menstrual cap requires the skills of inserting and removing it.

Preference should be given to pads with a cotton layer. The so-called mesh-coated plastic layer is less hygienic and irritates the delicate skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs.

The gasket must be changed 2-3 hours after the start of use. With a longer wearing of hygiene products, colonies of microorganisms grow exponentially, which can provoke the occurrence of infectious diseases of the genitourinary system.




Gaskets	1. Be sure to wash your hands before changing pads. 2. Expired pads must not be used. 3. To avoid skin irritation and allergic reactions, neutral pads should be used without the addition of various flavors. 4. It is better to buy and use hygiene products from well-known manufacturers. Cheap ones are often made from low-quality raw materials, which directly affects the girl's health. 5. Gaskets should be stored in a dry place. A large amount of moisture can provoke the growth of various fungal microorganisms.
Water procedures	The best option is a daily shower. A mandatory hygiene procedure is washing with neutral soap for intimate hygiene. The procedure is carried out 2-3 times during the day
Physical exercise
	Spicy, excessively fatty and fried foods should be temporarily excluded from the usual diet, since it is this food that provokes a rush of blood to the abdominal organs

Gynecologist visit

The first visit to the gynecological office should take place no later than 15 years. In the future, it is necessary to undergo medical examinations at least once a year.

It is necessary to seek medical help in the following cases:

• menstruation lasts 1-2 days or more than 7 days (a short period of critical days indicates a violation of the endocrine function of the ovaries, and a long period indicates a deterioration in uterine contractility or excessive estrogen production);
• with abundant spotting (more than 150 ml);
• if the pause between menarche and subsequent menstruation was more than six months;
• when, after the relative normalization of the menstrual cycle, irregularity is again observed (the cycle is less than 21 days or more than 32 days);
• large streaks of blood are visible in the secretions.

The general deterioration of the girl's condition, accompanied by severe pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, weakness, fever, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and loss of consciousness is the reason for calling an ambulance.

The first menstruation for each girl is a rather important and significant event, which marks the beginning of a new period of development. The first menstruation indicates that the girl's body has reached the peak of puberty, and from that moment it is ready to perform the reproductive function. Every girl who is in the pubertal phase, with impatience and some excitement, is waiting for the onset of menstruation. To dispel the excitement and fears of the girl, it is important to prepare her in time for the arrival of menstruation.

When does menses start?

The first time menstruation comes at the age of 11-14 years. It is impossible to establish and predict exactly when menstruation will occur, since this process is influenced by a huge number of different factors:

• heredity;
• physical development;
• diet;
• illnesses suffered in childhood;
• emotional background;
• experienced stressful situations;
• sports;
• the presence or absence of surgical interventions;
• received injuries;
• infectious diseases;
• hypothermia;
• inflammatory processes.

In most cases, menstruation begins between the ages of 11 and 14. But there are exceptions. For some, menstruation may begin 2 years earlier than the accepted norm, for others - later. This may be due to the following reasons:

• endocrine disorders;
• hereditary diseases;
• hormonal disbalance;
• past injuries, operations;
• strong emotional upheaval.

If menstruation occurs much earlier or later than the due date, this is an occasion to consult with specialists.

It is necessary to contact both a gynecologist and an endocrinologist, who will help to establish the causes and, if necessary, prescribe the appropriate treatment. Timely treatment and the implementation of all the recommendations of doctors will ensure the proper functioning of the reproductive system and help to avoid many gynecological problems in the future.

The main signs of the onset of menstruation

Every girl's period starts differently. This is a purely individual process, depending on a large number of factors. However, the main signs of approaching menstruation are distinguished. These signs usually include:

• pulling or aching pain in the lower abdomen;
• weakness;
• nausea;
• frequent mood swings;
• headache;
• bouts of sadness, depression, despondency.

In some cases, the onset of menstruation can occur without any previous signs and symptoms. However, there are still some signs by which you can determine that the girl will soon begin menstruation:

• A figure that acquires rounded shapes begins to look more feminine.
• The circumference of the hips increases and becomes noticeable
• Starts rapid growth of the mammary glands
• There is darkening and enlargement of the nipples
• The external genitalia also increase in size
• Approximately 1 year before the onset of menstruation, a whitish discharge from the vagina is noted, designed to cleanse and moisturize it.
• The intensive functioning of the sebaceous glands begins, resulting in acne, pimples, skin irritation in the face, back, shoulders, and chest.
• The sweat glands are activated.

These and other signs may indirectly indicate the imminent onset of menstruation.

How is the first menstruation

For the first time, every girl's period is irregular and unstable. On the 1st day of the onset of menstruation, there are mild, mostly spotting discharges. And only on the 2-3rd day, discharge characteristic of menstruation can be noted. However, this does not happen for everyone. For most, the first menstruation is characterized only by spotting of a dark red or brownish color. Soreness is usually noted on the first day of menstruation.

The average duration of the first menstruation ranges from 3 to 5 days. And the period before the onset of the next menstruation is 27-30 days. It is worth noting that in most cases the menstrual cycle is established within six months. During this period, irregular periods with different durations are observed. Menstruation at this stage may not be every month. But if menstruation throughout the year comes irregularly, is delayed for 3-4 months, then it is necessary to consult with a gynecologist and endocrinologist. Since, in accordance with the norm, the menstrual cycle should stabilize within 3-6 months from the onset of menstruation. You should also see a doctor in the following cases:

• if abundant discharge is noted;
• if menstruation is very painful;
• if the duration of menstruation is different every month.

The emotional state of the girl on critical days

Before the arrival of menstruation, there are changes in the emotional state. Girls become touchy, irritable, aggressive. There is an unreasonable change of mood. Emotional reactions to ongoing events become violent and sometimes unexpected.

Therefore, at this stage, it is important to psychologically support the girl. The emotional background in the family should be calm. It is necessary to try to protect the girl from stress, excessive anxiety and nervous tension.

Hygiene of a girl during menstruation

It is necessary even before the onset of menstruation to acquaint the girl with the rules of personal hygiene on critical days.

Hygiene procedures include frequent washing, timely replacement of hygiene products (pads). Doctors recommend changing the pad every 2-3 hours. But experts do not advise using tampons due to the incomplete formation of the genital organs, a high probability of injury and infection.

In addition, the girl should take a shower at least once a day.

It is strictly forbidden to take a bath during menstruation!

Nutrition for girls on critical days

It is also worth taking care of the proper nutrition of the girl during menstruation. For the period of menstruation, it is recommended to refrain from consuming spicy, salty, smoked foods. You should limit the intake of sweets and carbonated drinks. This is justified by the fact that these products can cause additional spasms and pain in the gastrointestinal tract. Certain foods can thin the blood, resulting in profuse discharge.

It is advisable to consume cereals, potatoes, fish, chicken breast, fresh vegetables and fruits on critical days. You need to eat fully and regularly during menstruation. Fasting and dieting these days are unacceptable.

Since during menstruation there is a deficiency of protein, iron, calcium and other trace elements in the body, it is advisable to take vitamin and mineral complexes.

What else is important to know about the first menstruation

• With the onset of menstruation, the girl should have a menstruation calendar in which to mark menstrual days every month. Such a calendar will allow you to visually track the menstrual cycle.


• During menstruation, it is advisable to refrain from playing sports, active games, long walks. It is important to limit physical activity in general. On the 1st day of menstruation, it is even recommended to observe bed rest, especially in cases where critical days are accompanied by profuse discharge and severe pain.
• On critical days, you should avoid taking medications. Experts do not advise taking aspirin and preparations based on it during menstruation, as they contribute to blood thinning, which can lead to an increase in discharge and the duration of menstruation.
• During the period of menstruation, you should not swim and sunbathe. This is due to the fact that on menstrual days the uterus is most vulnerable to the penetration of various kinds of infections.
• It is necessary to avoid hypothermia, as this can result not only in increased discharge during menstruation and their soreness, but also in inflammatory processes of the uterine appendages.