Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas, slightly soluble in water.
Chlorine is a poisonous yellow-green gas with a pungent odor. Slight solubility in water.
Hydrogen chloride is a colorless gas with a pungent odor, highly soluble in water, smokes in air.
Fluorine is a poisonous light green gas.
Bromine is a heavy red-brown liquid.
Iodine is a black-purple solid.
Oxygen is a colorless, tasteless and odorless gas, slightly soluble in water.
Sulfur is a brittle yellow solid, insoluble in water, and a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic gas with a rotten egg odor and is highly soluble in water.
Sulfuric acid is a heavy colorless oily liquid, non-volatile, odorless, anhydrous and does not conduct electricity.
Nitrogen is an odorless and tasteless gas, solubility in water is less than that of oxygen.
Ammonia is a colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor and is readily soluble in water.
Nitric oxide (2) is a colorless gas, poorly soluble in water.
Nitric oxide (4) - brown gas with a specific odor, poisonous, dimerizes to form a colorless liquid.
Nitric acid is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor, smokes, mixes with water in any ratio.
White phosphorus is a colorless, highly toxic substance that does not dissolve in water.
Red phosphorus is a red-brown powder, non-toxic, insoluble in water.
Black phosphorus - similar to graphite, greasy to the touch.
Phosphorus oxide (5) is a white hygroscopic powder.
Phosphoric acid is a white solid, miscible with water in all proportions.
Diamond is a colorless crystalline substance with an atomic lattice.
Graphite is a dark gray substance with a slight metallic sheen, greasy to the touch.
Carbin is a finely crystalline powder of black color.
Carbon monoxide (2) is a colorless and odorless gas, extremely toxic.
Silicon is a dark gray substance with a steely sheen, brittle.
Silica is a hard refractory substance.
Silicic acid is weak, slightly soluble in water.
Sodium and potassium are silvery white metals that can be cut with a knife.
Sodium and potassium hydroxides are white, opaque, crystalline solids.
Calcium is a silvery white, hard, light metal.
Calcium oxide is a white powder.
Calcium hydroxide is a white solid, slightly soluble in water.
Aluminum oxide (alumina) is a refractory, white solid.
Chrome is a greyish-white lustrous metal.
Chromium hydroxide (3) - grey-green.
Chromium oxide (3) - green powder.
Chromates are yellow and dichromates are orange.
Iron oxide (2) is a black, easily oxidized powder.
Iron hydroxide (2) - white precipitate, (3) - red-brown.
Methane is a colorless and odorless gas, slightly soluble in water.
Ethylene is a colorless gas with a slight sweet smell, slightly soluble in water.
Acetylene is a colorless gas, slightly soluble in water, weak narcotic effect.
Styrene is a colorless liquid with a pleasant smell.
Benzene is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid with a peculiar odor, insoluble in water. Poisonous.
Hexachloran is a colorless crystalline substance.
Nitrobenzene is an oily pale yellow liquid with a bitter almond odor, insoluble in water.
Cyclohexane is a colorless volatile liquid with the smell of gasoline, insoluble in water.
Methanol is a colorless liquid, a strong poison.
Ethylene glycol is a syrupy liquid of sweet taste, odorless, poisonous, miscible with water, hygroscopic.
Glycerin is a colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid, sweet in taste, miscible with water in any ratio.
Nitroglycerin is a heavy oily liquid, explosive.
Phenol is a colorless crystalline substance with a pungent characteristic odor, turns pink in air, is poorly soluble in water, and is poisonous.
Picric acid is a yellow crystalline substance with a bitter taste, poisonous.
Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a pungent, suffocating odor.
Acetone is a colorless flammable liquid with a characteristic odor, soluble in water.
Aniline is a colorless oily liquid with a slight characteristic odor, slightly soluble in water, poisonous, and becomes red-brown in color when exposed to air.
Methylamine smells like ammonia.
Amino acids are colorless crystalline substances, highly soluble in water.
Formic acid amide - liquid.
Amides of other acids are white crystalline substances.
Pyrrole is a colorless liquid with the smell of chloroform, slightly soluble in water, quickly darkens in air, acidophobic.
Furan is a colorless, low-boiling liquid, acidophobic.
Thiophene - resembles benzene, a colorless, low-boiling liquid with the smell of benzene, insoluble in water.
Imidazole is a crystalline substance, highly soluble in water and ethanol.
Pyridine is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor, miscible with water in any ratio.
Esters are clear liquids, often with a pleasant fruity odor. They are neutral and very stable, but may hydrolyze when heated in the presence of strong acids or bases. They are less polar than the same alcohol as a solvent. Esters have an extremely good dissolving power with respect to polar substances; with an increase in the length of the carbon chain in alcohol and acid groups, the solubility with respect to polar products decreases, but increases with respect to less polar substances. The lower esters are partially soluble in water. The most important solvents in the ester group for the paint industry are the acetates. Formates are used to a lesser extent, as they have a stronger effect on living organisms and are more easily hydrolyzed. Propionates, butyrates and isobutyrates are less important as they have a strong fruity odor. Also of great importance are certain esters of glycolic and lactic acids, as well as dimethyl esters of mixtures of dicarboxylic acids.
Methyl formate is a colorless, water-soluble liquid. It dissolves nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, oils and fatty acids. Ethyl formate - partially miscible with water. It dissolves nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate and many resins. Butyl formate - slightly soluble in water. It dissolves nitrocellulose, fats, oils, many polymers and chlorinated rubber. However, it does not dissolve cellulose acetate. Isobutyl formate has solvent properties similar to butyl formate. It is an ingredient in commercially available paint thinners. Methyl Acetate - Partially miscible with water and easily miscible with many organic solvents. For example, with such as vinegar essence, everyone knows where to buy it. It well dissolves cellulose esters and ethers, rosin, polyurea, melamine and phenol-formaldehyde resins, polyvinyl acetate, alkyd, ketone and other resins. It does not dissolve shellac, dammar, copal or PVC. Methyl acetate is used as a highly volatile solvent to reduce the viscosity of paints (by itself or mixed with alcohols or other esters), as a substitute for acetone in adhesives, and as a softener (plasticizer) for hard uppers in the footwear industry.
Ethyl acetate is a colorless, neutral liquid that is limitedly miscible with water and has a pleasant fruity odor. It has good dissolving power with respect to nitrocellulose, cellulose ethers, chlorinated rubber, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride copolymers, polyacrylates, polystyrene, fats, oils, many natural and synthetic resins (alkyd, saturated polyester, ketone resins). However, cellulose acetate is only soluble in the presence of a small amount of ethanol. Does not dissolve PVC. Ethyl acetates are very important chemical solvents for fast drying paints (eg nitrocellulose based wood paints).
The article describes some of the most dangerous chemical poisons and their effect on the human body. We wish you never to face these substances. A poison is a substance that, even in small doses, leads to a detrimental effect on the body: poisoning, disease, and death. Poisons are usually depicted with a skull and crossbones sign. Chemical poisons are obtained by synthesizing various substances.
Acrolein
It is a colorless, highly toxic liquid with a lachrymal effect, highly volatile. The substance was used in World War I as a chemical weapon. Acrolein, when inhaled, is highly irritating to the mucous membranes and the respiratory tract. It is synthesized during the thermal decomposition of glycerol.
Soman- colorless combat liquid with the smell of apples. It has a nerve-paralytic property, the first symptoms are noticeable minutes after the lesion - pupils dilate, breathing becomes difficult. First used in 1944.
carbon disulfide
Carbon disulfide is a liquid with a pleasant smell, but extremely poisonous. A lethal dose of 1 gram has a narcotic effect. Symptoms: loss of consciousness, convulsions, severe headache. Also vomiting, shortness of breath, chemical burns (skin contact).
Trimethylamine The gas is colorless and smells like ammonia. Low concentrations of gas cause eye irritation, irritation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. At higher concentrations, it suffocates.
Phosgene It is a colorless toxic gas with a hay odor. Poisonous by inhalation of vapours, first symptoms appear after 4-8 hours. Breathing the gas for 60-90 minutes is not poisonous, but sensitive people may get mild poisoning. Inhalation of one milligram per liter for 5 minutes leads to death in 70%.
Phosgene affects taste buds and the olfactory nerve, after which a person's sense of smell is dulled. Symptoms: pulmonary edema, but at particularly high concentrations it does not occur, at high concentrations a person inhales gas, falls sharply to the ground, convulsions begin and the face turns dark blue, death quickly occurs. Due to the volatility of phosgene, it was used as a military weapon.
Chlorine- a simple gas, yellowish in color, has a metallic taste. Chlorine is used in industry, science and everyday life; it was used by Germany in the First World War in 1915. If it enters the lungs, it causes burns of lung tissues, in a higher concentration it causes suffocation.
Potassium cyanide
Potassium cyanide is a colorless crystal, similar to sugar with the smell of almonds. The most powerful poison, if it enters the gastrointestinal tract, the lethal dose for an adult is 1 mg / kg. Causes convulsions, difficulty breathing and death within minutes.
Strychnine– white powder, odorless. For poisoning with poison, a small amount is enough, the poison can get through breathing, touching or with food. Causes convulsions, difficulty breathing, and brain death approximately 30 minutes after exposure.
The video shows dangerous animal poisons, their symptoms and effects on the human body.
The perfumer Ernest Beaux was an experimental chemist. The legend says: when Mademoiselle Chanel asked him to create a new, abstract fragrance, in defiance of the fashion for monofloral scents, Beau was too clever. During experiments with unstable aldehydes, which make floral notes airy, he accidentally violated the proportions - and could no longer stop. So let's parse Chanel No. 5 Parfum by Components
Ethyl rectified food alcohol, C 2 H 6 O
Volatile colorless liquid, universal solvent.
Parfum (Fragrance)
Perfume composition, main components
top notes
Neroli(neroli) - bitter orange blossom oil from Grasse.
Ylang-Ylang(ylang-ylang) - a yellow flower with long petals,
shipped from the Comoros.
Aldehyde(aldehydes) — a class of organic compounds containing an aldehyde group (-CHO). The aroma is fresh, piercing.
Heart notes
Jasmine Absolute(jasmine absolute) - jasmine hybrid Grandiflorum and real jasmine ( Jasminum officinale).
May Rose Absolute(May rose absolute) — Rosa Centifolia, a small flower with many petals.
Aroma plume
Sandalwood(sandalwood) is a genus of tropical trees from India.
Vetiver Bourbon(bourbon vetiver) - tropical plant oil Chrysopogon zizanioides.
Vanille Bourbon(bourbon vanilla) - the fruit of an orchid Vanilla planifolia.
Lanalool
Linalool, C 10 H 18 O
Colorless liquid with a lily-of-the-valley odor. Perfume with a touch of freshness.
Coumarin
Coumarin (o-hydroxycinnamic acid lactone), C 9 H 6 O 2
Colorless crystals with the smell of freshly cut hay. Perfume.
Hydroxycitronellal
Hydroxycitronellal, (CH 3) 2 C (OH) (CH 2) 3 CH (CH) 3 CH 2 CHO
A viscous colorless liquid with an aroma of fresh herbs and hints of lily of the valley. Flavoring.
Geraniol
Geraniol, C 10 H 18 O
Colorless or light yellow liquid with a rose odor. Found in some essential oils. Flavoring.
Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone
Alpha isomethyl ionone, C 14 H 22 O
Clear or yellowish liquid with violet odour. Perfume.
Citronellol
Citronellol, C 10 H 20 O
Terpene alcohol. A colorless, viscous liquid with a rose scent that imparts a sweet note to the fragrance.
Benzyl Benzoate
Benzyl benzoate, phenylmethyl ester of benzoic acid, C 14 H 12 O 2
It is a colorless oily liquid that gives fragrances soft floral notes, sweetish in an oriental way, cinnamon component is often heard. Holds volatile floral components and softens harsh woody, resinous notes.
Cinnamyl alcohol
Cinnamyl alcohol, C 9 H 10 O
Liquid or crystalline substance with a floral-balsamic odor reminiscent of hyacinth. Fragrance and fixative.
Eugenol, C 10 H 12 O 2
A colorless, yellowish liquid with a strong clove odor. The main component of clove essential oil. Perfume.
Benzyl Salicylate
Benzyl salicylate, C 14 H 12 O 3
A colorless liquid with a slight balsamic odor, a component of ylang-ylang essential oil. Strong fixative.
Limonene
Limonene, C 10 H 16
Colorless volatile liquid with a lemon smell. Perfume.
Farnesol
Farnesol, C 15 H 26 O
Viscous colorless liquid, highly dilute solution has
persistent scent of lily of the valley. Perfume and fragrance fixative.
benzyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol, C 6 H 5 CH 2 OH
Colorless oily liquid with a pleasant odor reminiscent of jasmine. Solvent and fragrance.
Evernia prunastri (Oak Moss) Extract
Evernia plum extract (oakmoss)
Dark green substance with a characteristic sweetish-pungent odor.
Aroma fixer.
Citral, monoterpene acyclic aldehyde, C 10 H 16 O
Colorless or light yellow viscous liquid with a strong lemon odor. Perfume.
Benzyl Cinnamate
Benzyl cinnamate, benzyl ester of cinnamic acid, C 6 H 5 CH=CHCOOCH 2 C 6 H 5
Crystalline substance with rich and persistent balsamic
aroma. Perfume fixative.
Isoeugenol
Isoeugenol, C 10 H 12 O 2
Colorless crystals with a clove odour. Perfume.
Cinnamal
Cinnamal, cinnamaldehyde, C 9 H 8 O
Viscous yellow liquid, the main component of the essential oil
cinnamon. Flavoring.
