The flora of our country is rich and varied.
planets. Flowers are amazing creatures. They
beautiful, gentle, perfect. And their amazing
the fragrance captivates women and inspires perfumers
worldwide. Favorites of the perfume industry:
Rose is the queen of perfumery. This flower with warm,
a little spicy, sweet smell became one
of the first to be used by man for
essential oil production. The fragrance of the rose unites
in itself tenderness and royal splendor, beauty
and impregnability.
Perfumery uses Rosa Centifolia, which
grows in Morocco and Greece and Rosa Damascene,
which is grown in Turkey and
In Bulgaria.
Rarely, fragrances contain more exotic
options, for example, a black rose of the Black Baccara variety.
List all fragrances containing rose,
pointless - the list would be impressive.
Here are some where this one plays the main violin
divine flower:
Tresor Midnight Rose, Lancome
Very Irresistible Rose Damascena, Givenchy
So Essential, Angel Schlesser
Idylle Eau Sublime, Guerlain
Flowerbomb, Victor & Rolf
Miss Dior Cherie, Dior
Sa Majeste La Rose, Serge Lutens
Especially, Escada
Rose the One, Dolce & Gabbana.
Without lavender it is impossible to imagine modern
perfumery production. Lavender exudes
attractive, pleasant fragrance
soothing - the aroma of serenity.
Someone can say that the perfume smells
lavenders are the spirits of the past, our great-great-grandmothers.
Scented with misty fresh lavender
enjoys great love of perfumers in all
countries. Lavender oil was one of the first
components of French and English perfumery.
Some fragrances where this one plays the main violin
divine flower:
Donna Karan Essence Lavender
Guerlain Aqua Allegoria Lavande Velours
Jo Malone Amber & Lavender
Il Profumo Brise de Lavande
Serge Lutens Gris Clair
Serge Lutens Encens et Lavande
The elegant, refined scent of jasmine makes it
the king of flowers in perfumery. Its fragrance is floral,
fresh, light, with a sweet fruity nuance.
Jasmine has long been considered a symbol of love and
passions. Its aroma is a true aphrodisiac,
alluring for both men and women. White flowers
open only at night, giving twilight
your magical scent.
Jasmine essential oil is used in perfumery.
Natural extract is not cheap, and therefore is used
only in luxury perfumes. And if to be
more precisely, the absolute of jasmine in its natural form
used only for the production of Chanel No. 5
extrait de parfum. And all because for
production of just one gram of essential oil
jasmine requires eight thousand jasmine flowers,
collected by hand.
Perfumes with jasmine notes:
Jasmine Musk, Tom Ford
Pepper/ Jasmine/ Gaiac Wood, Korres
Jasmine Full Montale
A La Nuit, Serge Lutens
Angel, Thierry Mugler
Shalimar, Guerlain
The homeland of the flower is the Philippine and Comoros.
islands. Ylang-ylang, which the Filipinos call
"flower of flowers", considered the flower of seduction
and enjoyment. Its scent has a deep and
rich, full of character, unique
way combining the smell of orchids, gardenias,
jasmine and neroli.
The first essential oil of ylang-ylang in the composition
Ernest Bo brought in his spirits, preparing the greatest
fragrance "Chanel No.5" for Gabrielle Chanel. By
legend, Gabrielle instructed Ernest to cook
"ideal scent for a woman" and in 1921
Ernest Bo showed her two options
samples: from No. 1 to No. 5 and from No. 20 to No. 24.
Gabrielle chose number 5, which consisted of
an amazing bouquet of jasmine, rose and ylang-ylang.
And since the start of the sale of the collection was planned
on the 5th day of the 5th month, perfume from the light hand of Chanel
became known as Chanel No. 5.
More scents with ylang ylang:
Organza, Givenchy
Private Collection Amber Ylang Ylang, Estee Lauder
Black Orchid, Tom Ford
Eau du Soir, Sisley
Noa, Cacharel
5th Avenue, Elizabeth Arden
Chanel No. 22
Jean Paul Gaultier Classic
Aromatics Elixir,Clinique
The aroma of neroli oil (orange blossom) is true
bewitching - cold, floral, slightly
tart, with obvious bitterness and unchanged
citrus freshness. However, neroli is strong
stands out in the citrus family. Aroma
white orange flowers noble and calm,
more floral than citrus. Fresh, delicate
and pure fragrance - the fragrance of happiness and love. Not
in vain the orange tree flower is called
"Flower of happiness", "flower of brides",
"flower of innocence"
Neroli essential oil is an expensive product,
because it is used in the manufacture of perfumes
deluxe class.
Perfumes with a touch of neroli:
Neroli Portofino, Tom Ford
Neroli, Annick Goutal
Aqua Allegoria Flora Nerolia, Guerlain
Chanel N°5, Chanel
The Collection Couturier Parfumeur Cologne Royale, Dior
Fleur d'Oranger, L'Artisan Parfumeur
Notre Flore Neroli, L'Occitane
This most delicate-looking flower has a languid fragrance,
which at one time was called "sweet poison".
Tuberose has many admirers, and just as many
haters. No one is indifferent to her.
Tuberose thanks to its intoxicating, intoxicating and
conquering aroma is a symbol of forbidden
pleasure and passion. The smell is very intense
like sweet honey, with hints of jasmine and
orange, heavy and sensual. Essential oil
this magnificent flower is considered one of the
the most precious floral oils in modern
perfumery.
Tuberose among many peoples is a special flower,
whose name sounds different in many
languages, but its meaning is the same. Tuberose - "Queen"
night", "a flower on which the night
moths", "queen of fragrances". So amazing
comparison, the plant received thanks to its
wonderful smell. So what does tuberose smell like?
First snow and amber honey, with light
notes of lilies and exotic fruits. Too much
intense, it can be dizzying and intoxicating,
like guilt. I want to follow a light train
on the heels.
To get just one liter of essential
tuberose oil will need a whole ton of flowers.
The most win-win variation is considered
tandem of tuberose with jasmine, southern sound
which is ideally complemented by her obstinate
character. No less elegant tuberose sounds
with ylang-ylang and jasmine.
Perfumes with a note of tuberose:
Private Collection Tuberose Gardenia, Estee Lauder
Poison, Christian Dior
Hot Couture Givenchy
Jardins de Bagatelle, Guerlain
5th Avenue, Elizabeth Arden
Tubereuse Criminelle, Serge Lutens
Gardenia is the fragrance of the celebration of spring and
sensuality! Gardenia flowers radiate
sweet, silky fragrance reminiscent of
jasmine. Gardenia symbolizes love,
harmony and grace.
Whoever has not admired the beauty of gardenia
I just didn't see her. She captivates from the first
glance. And not only beautiful flowers on
background of dark greenery, but also a unique heady
aroma. It instantly takes you to a fairy tale of dreams,
to the distant warm shores, on which it breaks
foamy sparkling surf. Smell of gardenia
extremely elegant, soft, warm,
intoxicating, voluminous, but at the same time light,
silky and airy. Its fragrance is often used
as the "heart" of floral perfumes
compositions.
Perfumes with a note of gardenia:
Addict Shine, Dior
Belle d`Opium, Yves Saint Laurent
Eternity Aqua for Women, Calvin Klein
Gorgeous Gardenia Flora by Gucci
Intuition, Estee Lauder
Just Cavalli, Roberto Cavalli
London, Burberry
Miss Dior Cherie L`Eau, Dior
Nina L'Eau, Nina Ricci
Organza, Givenchy
Very Estee, Estee Lauder
Gentle, very fresh, tart, cool aroma
lily of the valley awakens sensuality, creates an atmosphere
falling in love. This is the most spring scent; smell,
uplifting, confidence boosting.
The scent of lily of the valley is described as contemplative,
soothing, subtle, oily, monolithic.
Sometimes it resembles damp wood with jasmine
shade, and sometimes it seems rustic and joyful,
like morning at the edge of the forest.
Usually the note of lily of the valley is found in feminine
floral daytime perfume. Although perfumers sometimes do not
away to surprise with unusual combinations.
Perfumes with a note of lily of the valley:
Acqua Roberto Cavalli
Amor Amor
Be Delicious, Donna Karan (DKNY)
Champs Elysees, Guerlain
Chanel no 19
Eau du Soir, Sisley
Mon Jasmin Noir, Bvlgari
Muguet en Fleurs, Yves Rocher
Pleasures, Estee Lauder
Lily flowers have a pleasant mysterious,
exhilarating fragrance. The Greeks attributed the lily
divine origin, among the Spaniards and Italians,
as well as in other Catholic lands lily
considered the flower of the Blessed Virgin, among the French in the era
Capetian and Bourbon lily - a symbol of royal
authorities. Thick, slightly balsamic, sweet
floral note, the fragrance of lily is intended for
real kings and queens.
When applied to the skin, the fragrance of lily brings
image of woman playfulness and flirtatiousness.
Allows you to relax and creates a mood
flirting. Perfume with notes of lily:
Amor Amor
Aquawoman, Rochas
Blue Seduction for Women, Antonio Banderas
Dolce Vita, Christian Dior
In Red, Armand Basi
La Lune 18, Dolce & Gabbana
Pleasures, Estee Lauder
Pretty, Elizabeth Arden
Rose The One, Dolce & Gabbana
Hyacinth is a flower of love, happiness, fidelity. His
aroma - honey-sweet, floral, bright, with
a hint of lily and jasmine, it makes you dizzy,
excites. The aroma of hyacinth perfumers often
used as top or middle notes.
For one liter of hyacinth oil
5 tons of flowers are needed.
Perfumes with notes of hyacinth:
Love Eau Intense Chloe
Paloma Picasso
Chance, Chanel
Envy, Gucci
Petale Noir, Agent Provocateur
Plumeria (Frangipani) is a tropical plant with
amazingly beautiful flowers of the correct form.
Warm, sweet, deep floral aroma with
plumeria exudes soft fruity notes,
attracting perfumers all over the world.
Perfumes with notes of plumeria:
Kenzo Amour Le Parfum
Estee Lauder Adventurous
Gres Cabotine Rose
Christina Aguilera Inspire
Givenchy Very Irresistible Soleil D "ete Summer Sun
Gucci Flora Gorgeous Gardenia
Kenzo Amour
David Beckham Signature Summer
It is the national flower of French Polynesia and
the Cook Islands. Tiare - a small white star,
blooming on bushes with lush foliage and
with a special sweet sensual aroma.
The sweet, exotic scent of this flower evokes
imagining a calm sea, an island of spices, and
lush vegetation of a tropical paradise.
Fragrances with notes of tiare:
Montale Intense Tiare
Serge Lutens Douce Amere
Annick Goutal Songs
Thierry Mugler Alien Eau Luminescente
Byredo Pulp
The unusual aroma of mimosa flowers, it is not
what you don't confuse. Sweet, floral, woody,
green, with a bitter honey note - this is the smell
spring, holiday.
In perfumery, mimosa is valued for its powdery, slightly
honey aroma. Most often, mimosa is used as
retainer. It goes great with tuberose,
Bulgarian rose and spices such as cinnamon
and carnation.
Mimosa essential oil is obtained only from the buds
and flowers. Used not only in perfumery, but
and in cosmetology, aromatherapy. Possesses
antimicrobial, soothing, antiseptic
property. Refreshes and invigorates.
Fragrances with notes of mimosa:
Mimosa Pour Moi, L'Artisan Parfumeur
Champs-Elysees, Guerlain
Le Mimosa, Annick Goutal
Aqua Allegoria Tiare Mimosa, Guerlain
Beautiful Sheer, Estee Lauder
coco, chanel
Amarige Mimosa Tamil Nadu-India, Givenchy
Peony in China is one of the most revered
plants, they say about him: "a hundred roses in one flower."
Its subtle, sweet, floral scent is reminiscent of
aroma of old roses. Romantic scent of love
This flower has taken its rightful place in perfumery.
The aroma of a peony depends on the variety of the flower. He can
be sweetish, with a slight apple sourness -
in red peonies, fresh, with bright watery notes -
in whites, tart, with notes of musk in flowers with
dark coloration. In ancient China, the scent was compared
peony with "the scent of a thousand roses".
Perfumes with notes of peony:
Givenchy Organza
Giorgio Armani Acqua di Gioia
Versace Bright Crystal
Guerlain Idylle
Hermes Un Jardin Sur Le Nil
Moschino Moschino Funny
Narcissus flowers have a strong, sweetish
slight bitterness, intoxicating smell. Early
spring is permeated with this exciting imagination
aroma. Narcissus absolute is very rare and expensive,
it is used only in perfumery of the highest class.
Perfumes with notes of narcissus:
Fate for Women
Samsara, Guerlain
Chanel no 19
1881, Cerruti
Coco Noir, Chanel
Chloe Narcisse
La Prairie Life Threads Sapphire
Vol de Nuit Guerlain
Salvador Dali Salvador Dali
Modern high-quality perfumery uses such a rich assortment of aromatic substances that it would be the envy of perfumers who created their compositions half a century ago. At the disposal of the modern creator there are more than a hundred products of natural (animal or plant) origin, as well as those components, the production of which is associated with chemical synthesis. It is thanks to this that in the world every year there are more and more new and wonderful perfume compositions.
As you understand, the composition of any perfume does not use the component itself, but its essential oil, which can be obtained in different ways. Currently, essential oil can be extracted by four main methods. The mechanical method is the squeezing of essential oil by pressing the zest or peel of fruits and citrus fruits. This method produces lemon, tangerine, orange oils. The distillation method uses steam distillation in its work. Distillation is actively used to obtain coriander, mint, geranium, rose oils. Essential oils can also be obtained using non-volatile and volatile solvents. These processes are called maceration and extraction, respectively. With the help of solvents, essential oils of ylang-ylang, jasmine and rose are obtained. Finally, the last method is the extraction of oils using dynamic sorption and enfleurage, but this method is used quite rarely.
As we have already said, in modern perfumery not only natural, but also synthetic fragrant substances can be used. In the second case, we are talking about a fairly large group of compounds of the organic type, which can be obtained by physicochemical or purely chemical methods. Plant products or a variety of chemical materials are used as raw materials for the production of synthetic substances. With the help of chemical synthesis, perfumers were able to extract the essential oil of fresh hay, clove, lilac, lily of the valley and many other oils that are actively used in complex perfume compositions. Without synthetic aromatics, the world would never have known about such a legendary perfume as Chanel No. 5. This smell is based on chemically synthesized substances - aldehydes.
And yet, perfume compositions would not be so perfect if they did not use natural raw materials, which are very rare and expensive. If the perfume has natural ingredients in its composition, then the fragrance receives the necessary depth, natural "magic", originality and individual disclosure, which occurs at the moment when the perfume droplets fall on your skin. Next, we will consider those components that are most often used in the composition of modern perfumery products.
Buds, buds, petals and flowers
A modern person can draw a clear parallel between flowers and perfumes. However, one should not think that the perfume industry began its existence precisely with the use of representatives of the flower world. Initially, perfumers tried to achieve a unique "vegetal spirit" using their own imagination, courage and certain technologies. But it was not possible to achieve the desired effect without real raw materials. Only natural ingredients could reveal the enchanting versatility of one or another component in a perfume.
Rose
For several millennia in a row, the rose has been considered the real queen not only of flowers, but of all perfumery in general. Rose essential oil has been extracted since the first millennium BC. Homer in his writings mentioned that rose oil was extracted with the help of olive oil, in which rose petals were soaked. It was with rose oil that Aphrodite washed the body of the deceased Hector. The distillation of rose petals in Islamic perfumery begins in Damascus. In the 8th century AD, the Persian city of Shiraz was known far beyond the borders of the country for its wonderful rose water. Until the 17th century, this water was exported to China, India and Europe at fabulous prices, since no one could achieve a similar quality of rose extract. In addition to pharmacists and culinary specialists, rose water was actively used by Western measures, from the Renaissance to the 19th century. The Sultans of Persia considered it an honor to stuff their mattresses with precious rose petals.
It is worth noting that, despite the variety of pink varieties, only two of its varieties are used in modern perfumery. These are Rosa damascene, which is grown in Turkey and Bulgaria, as well as Rosa centifolia, which grows in Morocco and Grasse. The second variety of rose, sometimes called Provence or May, is used to obtain concrete by treating rose petals with volatile solvents. And already pure oil is released from the concrete. The Moroccan centifolia rose, as well as the Turkish damascene rose, are treated with water vapor and solvents. It is water vapor that helps to obtain the purest essential oil from rose petals, which is used to create perfume compositions.
When picking roses, the main thing is to follow all the necessary rules and conditions. So, if you collect rose petals in the heat, you will get a strong aroma, but it will not differ in tenderness. Roses must be picked at dawn, and only by hand. Picking roses is very fast in order to be in time before half past nine in the morning. It is at this time that the largest amount of volatile substances is observed in the flower, which make the essential oil magnificent. One skilled worker can collect 5-8 kilograms of petals in an hour. During the whole day of work, active workers collect half a centner of rose petals. Do you think that 50 kilograms is a lot? Then you need to know that one kilogram of rose essential oil is obtained from five tons of rose flowers. That is, the total collection of one skilled worker results in one gram of rose oil.
The composition of rose oil includes about three hundred aromatic compounds, and some of them are not able to identify even modern science. This explains the fact that it is not yet possible to copy natural rose oil with the help of chemical synthesis. However, modern rose lovers do not have to complain. After all, in addition to huge rose plantations, there are such amazing fragrances as Joy by Jean Patou or Paris by Yves Saint Laurent, the smell of which can be considered almost perfect. Let's hope that soon scientists will be able to copy rose oil by deciphering all its components.
Jasmine
Today, many varieties of jasmine are known. However, as with the rose, only the jasmin grandiflorum species is used, which was first developed in Persia or Central Asia. It is authentically known that in 1560 Spanish sailors brought the jasmine tree to Grasse for the first time, after which this component began to be actively used in French perfumery. Unfortunately, today there are less than 10 hectares of jasmine plantations in Grasse, which makes it difficult to obtain flowers even for brands such as Chanel and Jacques Patou. It is the paucity of natural raw materials that explains the fact that Grasse jasmine is considered one of the most expensive components of perfumery.
In addition to France, jasmine grows in Egypt, India, Morocco and Italy, that is, in those countries where hand-picking jasmine is cheaper. Note that jasmine grows only in summer. The jasmine tree blooms from August to October, that's when it is harvested. Note that, compared with the beginning of the last century, the production of jasmine oil is small. In the 30-40s of the twentieth century, the annual production of jasmine reached 2 thousand tons. For one kilogram of jasmine oil, eight thousand flowers are needed. Just imagine how huge the plantations must be to provide oil to all the perfume industries that need it.
Precious jasmine flowers can be spoiled by heat and dew, resulting in the jasmine being harvested just before sunrise. Only manual labor is used, as machines cannot collect as carefully as necessary. Unlike a rose, a skilled picker can pick only 700 grams of jasmine per hour. After that, the flowers should get to the factory as soon as possible for subsequent extraction processing. At the beginning of the last century, perfume compositions contained about 10 percent of natural jasmine oil. To date, the best perfume compositions contain only 1-2 percent of this precious essential oil. It is worth noting that jasmine is one of the most sought after white flowers in the perfume industry. The best perfumers claim that quality perfumes can only be obtained using jasmine essential oil. And indeed it is. For example, jasmine was actively used in the creation of such legendary fragrances as First by Van Cleef, Fleurde fleurs by Nina Ricci, Agrede Lanvin, Joy by Jacques Patou and Chanel No. 5.
Tuberose
Tuberose is a flower with an intoxicating aroma. The scientific name for this flower is Polianthestuberose. For the first time it began to be grown for perfumery purposes in Mexico, and only in the 17th century the flower came to France, where it began to be bred in Grasse fields. Tuberose was especially loved by the Sun King, who made all the beauties of the court decorate their bodices with a flower. To date, the largest production of tuberose is located in the southeastern part of India, the state of Karnataka, where this flower grows all year round. It is from here that the main part of tuberose comes to the world perfume companies.
Tuberose has a very strong smell, characterized by the presence of warm balsamic shades. As a rule, tuberose is used in perfumery if the task is to create an oriental composition. A prime example of a perfume that uses tuberose is Christian Dior's Poison.
Narcissus
This is a wonderful mountain flower with an equally wonderful aroma. Narcissus grows in the meadows of the Massif Central, the Alps and the Jura. If we talk about France, then more than a dozen varieties of narcissus are grown here, which in French is called janquil. But to create perfumes, only one variety of narcissus is used - Narcissus poeticus. This flower blooms in May and is considered quite rare, hence its high cost. The collected flower grows at an altitude of about a thousand meters. Not only the flowers themselves are subjected to solvent extraction, but also the stems with leaves. Narcissus absolute oil is almost indistinguishable from the fragrance of the flower itself, apart from the greener note provided by the processing of the stem. Narcissus essential oil is very expensive. One kilogram of flowers sells for 10 euros, while more than 1,200 kilograms of narcissus flowers are required to produce one kilogram of essential oil. The resulting oil has a very intense flavor.
Mimosa
Mimosa came to Europe from Australia. In France, the flower took root very quickly and began to be grown in large volumes. Currently, the massifs of Var and the Alpes-Maritimes are literally dotted with mimosa from mid-winter to early spring. As a result, the fields take on a simply magnificent summer shade. It is worth noting that the golden mimosa balls are made up of stamens, not petals, which explains the fragility of this flower. Experienced collectors know that cut mimosa is stored for no more than a day. After that, it becomes unusable. Both the leaves and the flowers themselves are processed. The result is an absolute mimosa oil, the aroma of which is almost identical to the smell of a flower. Perfumers describe the aroma of mimosa oil as "tickling" and soft. The flower is especially revered by the Anglo-Saxons, but mimosa is never used as the main note of a perfume composition. Mimosa oil gives the perfume an excellent floral and powdery range of aromas, as a result of which it is used only to create floral perfumes.
Orange blossom or orange flower
Orange blossom is called the flower of chastity. In Grasse, there is a wonderful tradition - to give newlyweds garlands of orange flowers. But at the same time, the newlyweds should marry exactly at the time when the orange blossom blooms, that is, from April to May. The flower bears the scientific name Citrus aurantium amara, which means "bitter orange" in Latin. The tree came to the Mediterranean from South China during the heyday of the Roman Empire. Orange blossom essential oil is obtained by distilling flowers. It is noteworthy that the absolute oil of orange flowers is called neroli. This name was given to the oil in honor of the Duchess Orcini de neroli, who was known for her love of the smell of the oil. Neroli has a fresh and clean scent, invaded by minor animals and warm aromatic patches. The product is actively used as part of many colognes. The water that remains from the processing of orange blossoms is orange blossom water, which is actively used in perfumery. Sometimes orange blossom absolute oil is obtained by solvent extraction. It is worth noting that the oil yield is very small. One kilogram of neroli takes more than a ton of orange blossoms. Branches and leaves of bitter orange are also carefully processed, resulting in an essential oil called petitgrain oil. If the orange peel is processed, the result is bigarade oil.
Lavender
Lavender is a flower that is invariably associated with the wonderful region called Provence. Lavender smell is associated with cleanliness, as a result of which it is actively used in the manufacture of laundry products. But in the perfumery art, lavender has not been particularly honored lately, since it is believed that it has long gone out of fashion. At the same time, lavender is a flower that has the widest range of fragrances. Therefore, to say that lavender has become obsolete is premature. It is also worth noting that the plateaus of Manosque and the hills of the Luberon in August bloom not with lavender itself, but with a hybrid of this flower called lavandin. As for real lavender, it grows in more southern regions. In perfumery, this extremely expensive component is used exclusively in the initial notes, and flowers with a thin stem are taken as the basis. Lavender grows not only in the Alps, but also in the UK.
Perfumery history knows two examples when the lavender note was used by the British to create masterpiece compositions. Both of these perfumes were created at the beginning of the last century. The first fragrance is English Iavender by Atkinson, which was released in 1910. This is the first men's eau de toilette in the world. The second fragrance is Old English Lavender by Yardley, which was released in 1913. This scent was considered a necessary addition to English tweeds. These compositions were replaced in 1934 by Karon Pour un home. Unfortunately, the lavender smell has become so accustomed to associations with freshly washed linen that it is unlikely that any perfumer will dare to release a perfume composition with a characteristic smell. However, in some men's fragrances, lavender notes can still be heard, which make the compositions more fresh.
Ylang Ylang
The plant, which has a long name Cananga odorata forma genuine, is referred to in the perfume world with a simple and memorable name "ylang-ylang". It grows in humid tropical heat and does not recognize other conditions. Initially, the plant was discovered in the Philippines, after which it was transported to Madagascar and the Camoros Islands, where the main ylang-ylang plantations are located, supplying flowers for famous perfume brands. It is worth noting that ylang-ylang is a tree that can reach 30 meters in height. On its uneven branches, the flowers used in perfumery grow. However, the industrial type of ylang-ylang is cut to 1.8 meters for ease of collection, as a result of which its branches become more crooked.
Ylang Ylang, which the Filipinos call "the flower of flowers", is recognized as the flower of seduction and delight. The women of Manila often decorate their hair with ylang-ylang, which is why the fragrance of this wonderful flower always reigns in the harem. Perfumers around the world use this scent, which tends to open up quickly and become more powdery.
Roots and rhizomes.
Perfumers often face the problem of not being able to extract certain plants and flowers. But if the smell of a particular plant is still necessary, the extraction is carried out not with flowers or stems, but with the roots of the plant, from which an excellent perfume essential oil is obtained. This oil can be used in all sorts of combinations.
Iris
To date, more than three hundred varieties of iris are known, but only two of them are used in perfumery. These are Iris pallida and Iris florentina. Flowers are grown in Florence and Morocco. It is noteworthy that flowers are not suitable for obtaining iris essential oil. Only rhizomes are processed. As a result, the scent of iris essential oil is different from that of the flower itself. After processing, iris oil smells like violet. The essential oil of the iris is very expensive, because before it is obtained, the flower itself must be grown for three years, and then dried for three years, so that the result is a fuller aroma. Iris roots are processed by distillation. One ton of iris as a result forms only 2 kilograms of essential oil, which has a very strong, subtle, pronounced aroma. In perfume, iris oil adds a woody and floral note, making the fragrance more enduring.
Vetiver
Vetiver is a plant that was introduced to Reunion Island in 1850. For over 150 years, Bourbon vetiver, botanically named Andropogonsquarrosus, has been regarded as one of the noblest plants in perfumery. The Indians call vetiver by the mysterious name KusKus. This cereal plant is currently grown not only on the island of Reunion, but also in Indonesia, India and Haiti. Vetiver roots, after distillation, produce an essential oil that is used to obtain vetiveryl acetate and for the production of high-quality perfume compositions.
Leaves, herbs and stems.
Geranium
There are more than 250 varieties of geraniums in the world, but the inexorable perfumery, as usual, has chosen only three main varieties from them, which are grown on the famous island of Reunion, as well as on the banks of the Egyptian Nile. Geranium leaves make a wonderful essential oil, which is extracted by steam distillation. As a result of the use of geranium essential oil, the composition acquires a pronounced pleasant flower shade. The main feature of geranium oil is that it contains chemical compounds similar to those of rose essential oil. Because of this, in perfume compositions in which geranium oil has been used, individual pink notes can sometimes be distinguished.
Patchouli
In the 70s of the last century, representatives of the hippie youth movement worshiped the unsurpassed perfume "Flower power", the magic of which was explained by the presence of patchouli essential oil in the perfume. Note that this oil is obtained from dry leaves growing in Indonesia, bearing the biological name Pogostemoncablin. Patchouli has an unusually persistent woody, earthy and camphorous aroma that is highly valued in modern perfumery.
Violet
Despite the beauty of the violet flower, only its Viola odorata leaves are used in perfumery production, which undergo a solvent extraction procedure. As a result, an essential oil is released, which has a strong green note and a persistent smell of flowers. It is worth noting that violet was actively used during the formation of the perfume industry. What are the fragrances VeraVioletta from Roger and Galle and Violettepourpre from Ubigan, released at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, violet essential oil is used only as a fixative for other perfume elements.
Myrtle
The branches of the Myrtus communis plant are excellent for producing a wonderful essential oil used in perfumes. It is enough to add only one drop of myrtle oil to make the fragrance sound with all myrtle colors. Myrtle is a Mediterranean tree that the ancient Greeks dedicated to the goddess Venus. Until now, myrtle is considered a symbol of love and happiness. Myrtle fruits and branches were added to wine even during Roman times, resulting in an aromatic wine. In addition, myrtle is still used to aromatize baths.
There are many different plants used in perfumery. Among them are the herbaceous smell of wormwood essential oil, French and exotic basil oil, tarragon, cypress, eucalyptus, marjoram, laurel, dill, a small South American mate tree, mint, pine, parsley, oregano, medicinal and clary sage, verbena, thyme and tobacco.
Branches, bark, mosses and lichens.
Long used for fumigation, these products play an important role in modern perfumery when used in woody and chypre-scented compositions.
Cinnamon
Cinnamon gained popularity as early as the 16th century. This spice has been used everywhere, from confectionery to the famous warm wines. In the art of perfumery, cinnamon essential oil is actively used, for the production of which the Ceylon cinnamon tree Cinnamomum ceylanicum is used. This variety of cinnamon tree grows in the Seychelles, Malaysia and Ceylon. Cinnamon essential oil has a warm, persistent aroma that blends well with other components of oriental perfume compositions.
sandalwood
The essential oil of sandalwood has been known since antiquity. It is highly valued not only in India, where sandalwood grows, but throughout the planet. This is due to the fact that sandalwood is often used in the creation of aromatic compositions by many perfume companies. The list of sandalwood perfumes is quite large: Amazone, Guerlain, Paco Raban, Metal, Jiki, Hermes, etc. , To create an essential oil in the steam distillation, not only the bark of the sandalwood tree is subjected, but also its roots. The result is a soft and warm oil, the smell of which can only be admired. Essential oil, which is obtained in the Indian city of Karnataka, is especially valued in the perfume industry. Today, sandalwood trees are under state protection, as a result of which they are not officially cultivated.
oak moss
The well-known oak moss, which can be found in temperate regions, is harvested in late winter and early spring. In addition to the variety Everniaprunastri, the tree moss EverniaPurfurcea is also collected. The solvent extraction method makes it possible to isolate absolute essential oils from the moss, which have an extravagant smell of greenery and cipher. Oakmoss essential oil is used in perfumes such as Kouros and Molino by Yves Saint Laurent, Quartz and Miss Dior by Christian Dior.
As for the rest of the wood raw materials, rosewood is especially worth highlighting. Rosewood essential oil is obtained by distillation of wood. The tree itself grows in Guyana, Peru and Brazil. Rosewood essential oil is very important for compositions that have a characteristic leathery scent. In woody compositions, you can also sometimes notice the use of cedar oil, thuja oil and birch oil. By the way, birch essential oil is valued no less than rosewood oil, which is explained by the characteristic smell of the skin.
Resins and balms.
Many people are not familiar with this group of elements, but perfumers very often use them in aromatic compositions, appreciating them for their extraordinary properties. Resins, balsams, gum-resins and gums are natural secretions of a certain group of plants, which can also be formed due to any damage. These products may vary in solubility. Resins additionally have elegant odorous properties.
Siam benzoin
Siam benzoin is obtained by cutting the trunk of a low-growing Styraxtonkinensis tree, which grows in Vietnam and Laos. The resin can be subjected to solvent extraction, resulting in a product called resinoid. This element is used by perfumers who want to make the smell more "round".
labdanum
Labdanum is a gum resin that is extracted from the leaves of Cistus Iadaniferus, that is, cistus (a shrub that grows in the Mediterranean basin). Labdanum absolute oil is often used in amber perfume compositions, as well as chypre perfumes.
Incense
Frankincense, botanically called Boswellia carterii, is a wild shrub native to Somalia and the southern parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Frankincense essential oil is obtained by distillation. Usually perfumers use it in the initial notes of a perfume composition, which, under the influence of incense, acquire a pleasant spicy shade. Extraction also produces a resinoid which has a significantly heavier aroma. It is used to create woody and oriental compositions, adding as the main note.
Galbanum
Galbanum is a gum resin extracted by cutting the trunk of the herbaceous plant Ferula galbaniflua, which grows in Iranian territory. After the resin is treated with solvents or steam, an essential oil with a characteristic green aroma is formed. Galbanum essential oil is a perfect match for fragrances such as Fidji by Guy Laroche and Vent Vert by Balmain.
Myrrh
Myrrh has been known since biblical times. It was the essential oil of myrrh that was brought to the newborn savior by one of the Magi. Myrrh is a resin that is naturally released from the branches of the Commiphora myrrha shrub. From the resin, an odorous essential oil is obtained, which, with the help of subsequent processing, turns into a resinoid. The aroma of myrrh essential oil resembles a forest thicket. Myrrh oil is used in perfumery to flavor combinations of fern and chypre.
Opoponax resin
The huge Elemi manila tree, native to the Philippines, produces a gum resin called elemi or opoponax. The essential oil of opoponax, as well as the resinoid, smells like myrrh. Opoponax is actively used in perfumes such as Shalimar, Guerlain.
In addition, it is necessary to recall the tolu balsam, which is extracted from Venezuelan and Bolivian trees. The sweet tone of tolu balsam is often used in oriental perfume compositions. It is worth noting that the aromatic properties of resins such as opoponax, galbanum, frankincense and myrrh were known to the ancient Egyptians, who used them in incense.
Fruit and peel.
Fruit is quite difficult to use in the art of perfumery. This is because fruits contain too much water, so that their flavor is not strong enough to be used. In the perfume industry, only citrus fruits are used, which are pre-dried. In addition, the peel or peel of citrus fruits, which contain essential oils, is of particular value. Citrus fruits used by perfumers include oranges, tangerines, grapefruits and lemons. Citrus aromas are characteristic of refreshing waters and colognes.
Lemon
Lemon essential oil is obtained by pressing the peel of the Citruslimon fruit. This variety of lemon is grown in Ivory Coast, South America, Florida and Italy. Lemon essential oil is typical for the initial notes of perfume compositions, since it can be used to achieve the necessary freshness.
Orange
Orange essential oil is made from sweet orange peel and bitter orange fruit. It is these components that are able to give an oil that gives sufficient stability and brightness of the smell. The effect of orange essential oil is used in colognes and refreshing waters along with lemon.
Mandarin
The birthplace of the mandarin is China. This citrus fruit was especially revered by the local rulers, who were called "mandarin". In perfumery, only one variety of mandarin is used - Citrus reticulate. Mandarin essential oil is obtained by squeezing the peel of citrus fruits.
Grapefruit
To create grapefruit essential oil, use the fruit Citrus paradisi, which grows in the United States and Israel. In perfumery, grapefruit has been used relatively recently, but when creating citrus perfume compositions, it is simply indispensable.
In addition to the above fruits, bergamot citrus essential oil can be noted, which is extracted from Citrus bergamia. However, the aroma of this oil quickly evaporates, as a result of which it is used only for a general rise in smell. In the 18th and 19th centuries, zest produced from the fruits of Citrus medica was actively used. In addition, do not forget about the green lemon (limette), the essential oil of which is often used to create sports scents and men's toilet waters. And yet, limette is used as part of Coca-Cola.
anise and star anise
Anise essential oil is obtained by steam distillation of small dried fruits of the herb Pimpinella anisum, which grows in Europe. Star anise is called star anise. Its essential oil is different from the oil of ordinary anise, although it is made in a similar way. For distillation, the fruits of the giant tree Illicium verum are used, which are star-shaped. Badian grows in the southern regions of China, as well as in Vietnam. Star anise and anise essential oils are commonly used in refreshing perfume compositions.
Nutmeg
Nutmeg, which is known as Myristica fragrans, grows on a nutmeg evergreen tree. Freshly picked nutmeg is similar in size to an apricot. Nutmeg peel has a fibrous reddish texture. If we talk about the taste of the nut itself, then it has a bitter, tart taste, as a result of which it is practically not eaten. But for perfumery, nutmeg is just perfect. The spicy smell of nutmeg essential oil is ideal for modern colognes and men's perfume compositions.
Vanilla
Vanilla was first discovered in Mexico. In the 18th century, sailors brought it to the Camoros, Madagascar, Reunion and other regions of the Indian Ocean. Vanilla is a climbing plant called Vanilla planifolia, which belongs to the orchid family. Vanilla flowers have a yellowish or white-greenish tint, the pods are slightly flattened. The seeds are inside the pods. The inner walls of the pods are covered with small hairs, which secrete a viscous yellow substance with a sweetish and warm balsamic smell. Vanilla essential oil is distinguished by fixing properties and a strong smell. Vanilla is used in many perfume compositions. Especially often it can be seen in the perfumes of the Guerlain house.
Do not forget about such perfume elements as carnation buds, which do not belong to the flowers of the same name. Clove buds are the flower stalks of the clove tree native to Zanzibar, Malaysia and Madagascar. Clove bud essential oil, which has an herbaceous and spicy aroma, blends gracefully with rose oil to produce the clove scent often used in modern perfumery. Also, the perfume industry uses juniper berries, the aroma of which is similar to the smell of gin. The essential oil of juniper berries has a forest, fruity, coniferous smell. Nigella berries, after distillation, form a balsamic and spicy essential oil, which can be used in small doses for oriental and floral perfume compositions.
Seeds and grains
Cardamom
The seeds of the plant Elettaria cardamonum, which is native to Central America, Indonesia, India and Ceylon, are used to create cardamom essential oil, which has an airy, fruity scent. Cardamom is used to lift perfume compositions.
Coriander
Coriander or Coriandrum sativum is an herb that is grown in North Africa, Hungary and Ukraine. Coriander essential oil is isolated by steam distillation of the seeds. Coriander oil has a pronounced spicy aroma, with a slight chocolate tinge.
Cumin
Cuminumcyminum is an Indian and Mediterranean herb that is important to the perfume industry for its dried seeds. Steam distillation is used to obtain cumin essential oil. Cumin essential oil is used in woody and fern combinations in small quantities, as it has a very strong aniseed, spicy, herbaceous aroma.
hay fenugreek
Fenugreek is a herb that grows in Asia Minor and India. In Islamic and ancient perfumery, this herb played a fundamental role. Through extraction, a resinoid is extracted from its seeds, the smell of which is similar to that of celery and walnut. To date, fenugreek hay is used quite rarely.
Tonka bean
In the fruits of the huge tree Dipterix odorata, which grows in Brazil and Guiana, aromatic seeds are found, which, by extraction, release the essential oil of the tonka bean. This oil is actively used as the main note of oriental, tobacco, amber perfumes.
Pepper
This is not an ordinary culinary pepper, but the fruit of the climbing shrub Pipernigrum, which has reddish berries suitable for use in the perfume industry. After picking, the berries gradually begin to turn brown, which is a signal that they need to be processed to obtain pepper essential oil. This oil is very often found in men's perfumes.
Incredible Facts
We have many good memories associated with fragrances, and garden flowers are one of the sources of such memories.
You can remember the sweet scent of grandma's roses that grew on the facade. Or beautiful white magnolias in the summer heat.
And what about the intoxicating aroma of tropical flowers that surround us during exotic travels?
Flowers are admired for their beauty, exquisite shapes and an endless range of different shades, but there are those that are most loved for their unique fragrance.
There are lovers who even plan entire gardens so that they can constantly admire such flowers at home.
1.Fragrance of plumeria flower
Homeland plumeria in the warm tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean, the Caribbean, as well as in South America and Mexico.
These beautiful flowers in shades of pink, red, yellow and white, and in the center they look like a kiss of golden color. Plumeria has a distinct tropical the aroma that is most felt in the evening, and the flowering of this plant has a charming addition.
Plumeria grows in large shrubs and even to small trees, with long, thick leaves at the tips of the branches. plumeria flowers contain poison which can cause skin irritation in humans. Plumeria trunks are used to make musical instruments, utensils and furniture.
Interesting Facts:
- The plumeria is the national symbol of Nicaragua and is featured on some banknotes.
- plumeria flower will not burn at temperatures below 500 C.
- In modern Polynesian culture, plumeria is worn by women. , which want to indicate their marital status - above the right ear, if looking for a soul mate, and above the left, if already busy or married.
- In India, the plumeria is a symbol of immortality, due to its ability to produce leaves and flowers, even after being taken from the soil. It is often planted near temples and cemeteries, where fresh flowers fall daily on graves.
2. Sweet Alyssum flower fragrance
The sweet alyssum flower is also called alyssum or rockwort. He is a simple annual, the seeds of which grow in the spring after the snow melts. Sweet allisum blooms from early spring to autumn. The flower itself will produce seeds and grow next year in the same place.
Sweet alyssum is a dense bouquet of small flowers. Little effort and minimal cost will give your garden or apartment a unique aroma.
Interesting fact! After the flower is pollinated by insects, the perianth falls off the plants, and the flower becomes unattractive. In most plants, but not the sweet alyssum. The petals of flowers with already set fruits do not fall off, but, on the contrary, increase in size, attracting insects to the remaining blooming flowers.
3. Aroma of a flower chocolate cosmos
Chocolate Cosmos is also called Black Cosmos or Blood Red Cosmos.
Chocolate lovers will love this flower. Chocolate Cosmos has unique reddish brown petals that give off a light vanilla flavor, reminiscent of chocolates. However, you should know that the alluring smell of this flower is deceptive, because in fact it is poisonous.
Native to Mexico, chocolate cosmos is a herbaceous perennial in warm climates, and an annual in cold climates. This flower loves sunlight and grows up to 91 cm tall.
Gardeners advise immediately planting six to eight bushes in order to fully enjoy the spectacular aroma. Wherein, the higher the air temperature, the stronger the aroma becomes chocolate space.
Interesting fact! It is believed that chocolate cosmea grew in ancient times in Mexico. Its chocolate aroma attracted people, the flowers were plucked and the plant died. In nature, chocolate cosmea is difficult to germinate, therefore, she did not have time to recreate herself. After all, at the beginning of the twentieth century in Mexico There is only one bush of this plant left.
Fortunately, scientists came to the conclusion in time that if urgent measures are not taken, then people will already will never be able to admire these beautiful flowers again. In 1902 from a single bush botanists received seeds and artificially planted cosmea in Mexican fields.
This is how it happened that all chocolate cosmos in the world have one common ancestor. Botanical scientists are very proud of their achievement, which is why this flower is often presented in scientific cases dedicated to the conservation of botanical genetic diversity.
4. Scent of wisteria flower
In the southern latitudes of the Earth, true a sign of spring if the sweet smell of wisteria blows in the air. Huge, profusely blooming in clusters, wisteria resembles grapes. For some varieties such clusters can grow up to 92 cm long.
Wisteria has purple or white shades of petals, and the petals themselves fall after full flowering for only a few days. Before the petals fall, it is better to leave all your affairs and enjoy this beauty to the fullest.
True connoisseurs of wisteria are very fond of the aroma of its flowers, but no less appreciate the beauty of the vine of this tree outside of flowering. Wisteria winds its branches in a horizontal position, or around various structures: lattices, pillars, houses. This wood is widely used in landscape design, decorating the facades of houses.
Interesting fact! The world's largest wisteria grows in the Sierra Madre, California. It covers 4000 sq. m and weighs 250 tons. The length of the branches is 152 m. In one year, 1.5 million flowers bloom on this wisteria.
5. Sweet Pea Flower Aroma
Known for flowers with intense fragrance, sweet peas have been cultivated for over 300 years. Its flowers come in a variety of shades from red, pink and white to combinations thereof.
Sweet pea grows up to 1.8 m in height. It is planted in autumn if the winters in this climate zone are mild, otherwise sweet peas are planted in early spring.
The aroma of this flower can be enjoyed all spring, although the sweet pea endures the summer heat with firmness. However, there are varieties that give no flavor at all.
Interesting Facts:
- Sweet Pea grows in a very wide range of colors, but not in yellow.
- Sweet peas are not edible and are slightly poisonous.
- Studies have shown that a fresh bouquet of these flowers in the house improves well-being, increases libido, both in men and women, reduces the effects of a hangover.
6. Aroma of lily of the valley flower
Lilies of the valley are tiny white or pink bell-shaped flowers with a bouquet of wonderful fragrance.
Tough, but fragile-looking lilies of the valley are easy to care for. You can even plant them at home. and enjoy the fragrant smell for several years. It is a perennial plant and reproduces quickly, so fences are placed to limit overgrowth.
Small lily of the valley flowers grow on top of a slender stem, surrounded by broad, glossy green leaves.
Interesting Facts:
- In many nations, lily of the valley personifies purity, tenderness, fidelity and love.
- It is the national symbol of Finland.
- Lily of the valley is part of the symbols of the state of Massachusetts (USA). The ancient Indians living in this territory worshiped the flower as a gift from the gods.
- The lily-of-the-valley adorns the coat of arms of one of the districts of Moscow, Kurkino, nicknamed the local Switzerland for its unique climate and rare plants.
- In France, they organize an annual folk festival in honor of the lily of the valley. If a girl and a boy exchange bouquets of these fragrant flowers, then this means declaration of love to each other.
7. Scent of Gardenia flower
A classic evergreen gardenia shrub with thick, white and waxy flowers that give off an intoxicating fragrance. Gardenia was named after the physician and botanist Alexander Garden.
This flower with a complex fragrance, serving as inspiration for spirits, such as Chanel Gardenia (Chanel's Gardenia) and Marc Jacobs (Marc Jacobs Eau de Perfume).
Gardenia reaches up to 2.4 m in height. She loves mineral-rich soil, lots of light and moisture. Gardenia is susceptible to aphids, mealybugs, mites and whiteflies. This is a somewhat capricious flower in terms of care, but its rich, sweet flavor is definitely worth the effort.
Interesting Facts:
- There is in the world 140 species of gardenia.
- This flower symbolizes secret love, purity, joy and beauty.
- Gardenias are worn by men as boutonnieres (flowers in the buttonhole of a suit) in France.
8. Flower fragrance night beauty
The English name for this flower is four hours (Four o "clocks).
The name of the flower night beauty speaks of its specificity: the funnel-shaped flower of this perennial shrub opens in the afternoon, when the temperature begins to drop and stays open all night.
It is best to plant these flowers in the yard where you can fully enjoy the strong aroma in the evening. A night beauty in purple, yellow or white will add a special charm to your garden.
It begins to bloom in the middle of summer, continuing to amaze with its beauty until frost. Night beauty is beautiful feels both in the sun and in the shade, growing up to 1.2 m in height.
Interesting Facts:
- Night beauty (lat. Mirabilis Yalapa), where "mirabilis" from Latin means amazing.
- One of the main distinguishing features of the night beauty is that you can often see on one plant flowers of various shades.
- In the Krasnodar Territory, this flower is called a dawn.
9. Jasmine flower scent
The rich and sweet scent of white or yellow jasmine has made it a very popular flower throughout the world. Jasmine is native to tropical and warm countries. Its essential oils are used in perfumery and aromatherapy.
These flowers are closely related to the olive family. There are over 200 different types of jasmine. These woody plants can grow up to 4.6 m in height.
Jasmine is valued for its shiny green leaves and soft, delicate, wonderfully scented flowers. Its flowers are the source rose oil, which is used in many perfumes. From dried flowers Arabian jasmine is made into a tea.
Interesting Facts:
- Jasmine blooms in spring or summer.
- Being already six months old, jasmine releases its fragrance at night after sunset.
- Jasmine buds are more fragrant than flowers.
- Two types of this flower use for oil production.
- The dried roots of some jasmine species are used in medicines, although they are poisonous.
10. Rose flower scent
Perhaps the aroma of many modern varieties of roses grown by florists is no longer the same as compared to old-fashioned garden roses.
Roses are decorated with strict petals of various colors. Garden roses of incredible beauty with various fragrances, usually with white or pastel flowers.
Modern flowers are prized for their rich colors and luxurious shapes with a subtle fragrance that varies with species. Successful growing of roses requires a lot of sunlight they often need to be trimmed and fertilized, but the effort is well worth the beauty and heady scent.
Interesting Facts:
- Excavations in Colorado (USA), discovered a rose, which about 35 million years.
- Roses can be used to show feelings and emotions. Red roses give in order to show a romantic mood, love or passion. Yellow roses give to express sympathy, happiness or love. Pink Flowers are given to show a friendly attitude towards another person.
- Sometimes you can hear the term "black rose", but in fact black roses do not exist. These are actually called dark red colors that look dark and gloomy.
Rhubarb can not be found in every garden plot. It's a pity. This plant is a storehouse of vitamins and can be widely used in cooking. What is not prepared from rhubarb: soups and cabbage soup, salads, delicious jams, kvass, compotes and juices, candied fruit and marmalade, and even wine. But that's not all! A large green or red rosette of plant leaves, reminiscent of burdock, acts as a beautiful backdrop for annuals. Not surprisingly, rhubarb can also be seen in flower beds.
3 delicious sandwiches - cucumber sandwich, chicken sandwich, cabbage and meat sandwich - a great idea for a quick snack or for a picnic in nature. Only fresh vegetables, juicy chicken and cream cheese and a little spice. There is no onion in these sandwiches, if you wish, you can add an onion marinated in balsamic vinegar to any of the sandwiches, this will not spoil the taste. Having quickly prepared snacks, it remains to collect a picnic basket and go to the nearest green lawn.
Depending on the variety group, the age of seedlings suitable for planting in open ground is: for early tomatoes - 45-50 days, medium ripening - 55-60 and late terms - at least 70 days. When planting seedlings of tomatoes at a younger age, the period of its adaptation to new conditions is significantly extended. But success in obtaining a high-quality crop of tomatoes also depends on the careful implementation of the basic rules for planting seedlings in open ground.
Unpretentious plants of the "second plan" sansevieria do not seem boring to those who appreciate minimalism. They are better than other indoor decorative foliage stars for collections that require minimal maintenance. The stable decorative effect and extreme endurance of only one type of sansevieria are also combined with compactness and very fast growth - Khan's rosette sansevieria. The squat rosettes of their stiff leaves create striking clusters and patterns.
One of the brightest months of the garden calendar pleasantly surprises with the balance of the distribution of favorable and unsuccessful days for working with plants according to the lunar calendar. In June, gardening and gardening can be done throughout the month, while the unfavorable periods are very short and still allow you to do useful work. There will be their optimal days for sowing with plantings, and for pruning, and for a pond, and even for construction work.
Meat with mushrooms in a pan is an inexpensive hot dish that is suitable for a regular lunch and for a festive menu. Pork will cook quickly, veal and chicken too, so this meat is preferable for the recipe. Mushrooms - fresh champignons, in my opinion, the best choice for homemade stew. Forest gold - mushrooms, boletus and other goodies are best harvested for the winter. Boiled rice or mashed potatoes are ideal as a side dish.
I love ornamental shrubs, especially unpretentious and with an interesting, non-trivial foliage color. I have different Japanese spireas, Thunberg barberries, black elderberry ... And there is one special shrub that I will talk about in this article - the viburnum vesicle. To make my dream of a low maintenance garden come true, it's probably the perfect fit. At the same time, it is able to diversify the picture in the garden very much, moreover, from spring to autumn.
June is not accidentally one of the favorite months of gardeners. The first harvest, new crops in the vacant places, the rapid growth of plants - all this cannot but rejoice. But the main enemies of gardeners and gardeners - pests and weeds - also this month use every opportunity to spread. Planting work is on the wane this month, and seedling planting is at its peak. The lunar calendar in June for vegetables is balanced.
Many owners of cottages, equipping the territory, think about creating a lawn. Imagination draws, as a rule, magical pictures - an even carpet of green grass, a hammock, a deck chair, a brazier and beautiful trees and shrubs around the perimeter ... But, faced with the breakdown of the lawn in practice, many are surprised to learn that it is not so easy to create a beautiful even lawn . And, it would seem, everything is done correctly, but here and there incomprehensible bumps appear or weeds sprout.
The June schedule of garden work can surprise anyone with its richness. In June, even lawns and ponds require attention. Some ornamental plants have already completed flowering and need pruning, others are just getting ready for the upcoming show. And sacrificing an ornamental garden in order to take better care of a ripening crop is not a good idea. In the June lunar calendar, there is time to plant new perennials and potted compositions.
Cold pork leg terrine is a meat appetizer from the category of budget recipes, because pork legs are one of the cheapest parts of the carcass. Despite the modesty of the ingredients, the appearance of the dish and its taste are top notch! Translated from French, this “game dish” is a cross between a pate and a casserole. Since there were fewer game hunters in times of technological progress, terrine is made more often from livestock meat, fish, vegetables, and cold terrines are also made.
In pretty pots or trendy florariums, on walls, tables and window sills, succulents can last weeks without watering. They do not change their character and do not perceive conditions that are comfortable for most capricious indoor plants. And their diversity will allow everyone to find their favorite. Similar either to stones, or to bizarre flowers, or to extravagant sticks or lace, fashionable succulents have long been not limited to cacti and fat women.
Trifle with strawberries is a light dessert common in England, the USA and Scotland. I think this dish is prepared everywhere, only called differently. Trifle consists of 3-4 layers: fresh fruit or fruit jelly, biscuit biscuit or biscuit, whipped cream. Usually they prepare custard for a layer, but for a light dessert they prefer to do without it, whipped cream is enough. This dessert is prepared in a deep transparent salad bowl so that the layers are visible.
Weeds are bad. They interfere with the growth of cultivated plants. Some wild herbs and shrubs are poisonous or may cause allergies. At the same time, many weeds can be of great benefit. They are used both as medicinal herbs, and as an excellent mulch or component of green manure, and as a means of repelling harmful insects and rodents. But in order to properly fight or use this or that plant for the good, it must be identified.
It all started in the Garden of Eden. Eve admired the scents of flowers, and Adam admired Eve. But then the serpent intervened. People had no choice but to create fragrant incense, essences and use them to return to heaven at least for a moment. We, like our ancestor, admire the smells of flowers, but, unlike her, we have perfume shops where the shelves are lined with hundreds of perfumes - for every taste and budget.
What are the fragrances of this group?
Surely you have seen essential oils from flowers for sale. It is they who give those delightful floral notes that make us feel like in paradise. Essences, extracts and, oddly enough, synthetic substitutes are also used. Sometimes it is impossible to repeat the natural smell of a flower. Then chemistry comes to the rescue.
Making perfume is like music. It has been developing over the years. That is why it is almost impossible to find perfumes on sale that consist of only one flower. Even if you feel such a fragrance, in order for it to “open up”, the necessary composition and base are selected for a long time. And it is not at all a fact that the other person will feel the same as you.
Any perfume is made up of top, middle and base notes. Flowers usually occupy the top and middle notes, and very rarely enter the base. Due to the fact that these smells are bright and strong. In order for the fragrance to “sound”, they must be mixed with other, more volatile or vice versa, more persistent odors.
Subtypes of floral fragrances
Depending on the "accompanying", the group is divided into subgroups:
- floral-fruity;
- floral green;
- flower-aldehyde;
- floral-woody-musky;
- floral chypre;
- floral water.
A fragrance subgroup is determined by which notes "sound" most distinctly.
What we feel immediately is the top note. Its duration is no more than 20-30 minutes. Next comes the central note. She "lives" for about 2-3 hours. Its life is extended by the base note. Their mixture "sounds" much longer - from several hours to several days. Read more about the aroma pyramid.
What flowers are used?
Most often, among the components there are:, jasmine, ylang-ylang, lily of the valley, peony, iris, freesia, violet, tuberose, magnolia, orchid, gardenia, lily.
But if you look at the list of ingredients, you can find everything there - from exotic southern flowers to simple chamomile. Floral perfume scents are the most popular and are usually liked by women.
Alas, flowers are not given to women every day. But I so want to feel the fragrance of beautiful creatures next to me again and again. That's why we buy perfume. These are flowers that are always with us.
