Today the editors of “I and the World” have prepared for you 10 mysteries that remain unsolved. There are still so many mysterious mysteries in the world. They attract scientists with their obscurity and are the cause of much controversy. We present to you 10 mysteries that defy explanation. Maybe you will be able to reveal their secret?
1. Uffington White Horse
Today, in the beautiful county of Oxford, England, carved into the steep hillsides is a huge image of the Uffington White Horse. The length of the white horse reaches approximately 110 meters, and the width of this phenomenon is 30 meters.
The strangest thing about this image is that the horse has a beak-like face and has limbs that are far from resembling those of a normal animal. The image of the Uffington Horse is considered one of the monuments of antiquity and is observed by state protection.
There are records of the Uffington Horse in historical accounts from the 1070s. The Uffington White Horse is believed to have been carved in the late 5th century because at that time the white horse was a symbol of the Saxon conquerors, although other scholars argue that this exclusive painting appeared after the victory over the Danes in 871.
2. Synchronized fireflies
Fireflies can be found in many parts of the United States, but Tennessee has a special firefly. Every year, during the month of June, certain fireflies meet to perform their particular evening light show, only instead of each one glowing whenever it wishes, they all light up at the same time, every second or two.
They are in sync. Jonathan Copeland, a firefly specialist at Georgia Southern University in Statesboro, believes this could be a mating ritual. However, no one knows for sure.
3. Seismic flares
Scientists have noted for many years that mysterious flashes are observed in the sky before volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. It is still unclear how this light phenomenon is related to two such different natural disasters.
In 1960, this phenomenon was captured on video, and scientists analyzed the footage. One theory is that a volcanic eruption affects electrical charges in geological formations, resulting in visible flashes, but this is just a theory.
4. Stonehenge
This is one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world and one of the most mysterious. “Stonehenge” roughly translates from Old English as “hanging stones,” but who “hung them” and why? According to legends, Stonehenge is associated with the name of Merlin.
In the Middle Ages, some scientists believed that it was built by the Germans or the Swiss, and in the 17th century a popular hypothesis was that Stonehenge was the work of the ancient Romans. At the beginning of the 19th century, everyone came to the conclusion that this was a Druid sanctuary. However, later excavations and modern research using radiocarbon dating pushed the time of creation back to the New Stone and Bronze Ages.
One of the modern hypotheses suggests that Stonehenge is something like an ancient observatory that served to predict cosmic disasters. It is also sometimes claimed that this place was used for burials, as a special area for burying the dead.
5. The storm destroyed the beach and then returned it to its place
This strange event happened recently in Porthleven (Cornwall, UK). A sudden tide swept away all the sand from the beach.
A few hours later, another tide completely returned the sand to its place, restoring the beach. When the first tide washed away the sand and rock deposits, scientists said it would take years to bring back tons of sand.
However, in reality it only took a few hours! This strange incident has left locals and scientists scratching their heads in confusion.
6. Great Sphinx
Probably each of us has heard about the Sphinx at least once. A legendary creature with the head of a woman, the body and paws of a lion, the tail of a bull and the wings of an eagle, the sphinx is present in the mythology of many countries. The most famous sculpture in the world is the Great Sphinx in Egypt.
This grandiose stone sculpture is shrouded in secrets, legends and myths. Who, when and why built the Great Sphinx still remains a mystery. Perhaps this is why the Great Sphinx attracts the attention of not only scientists, historians, connoisseurs of antiquity, but also ordinary tourists.
7. Mysterious lights of Hessdalen
Hessdalen contains several settlements, the number of inhabitants of which barely exceeds two hundred people. The elders note that they have been watching the events taking place all their lives. They say that strange and unusual light rays were first seen several years before the start of the war in the forties. But residents reported that this was infrequent.
Later, in the early eighties of the last century, lights increasingly illuminated the sky above the valley, which greatly disturbed people. The mystery of the Hessdalen lights has remained unsolved for many decades. One Italian researcher believes that sulfur fumes create bubbles of ionized gas that react with moist air and form spheres of light, but research is not yet complete.
8. Red glow over the Pacific Ocean
This strange red light was spotted over the Russian Kamchatka Peninsula by J. van Heijst. He was flying a Boeing 747-8 from Hong Kong to Alaska when he noticed a red glow below.
The glow appeared after lightning was seen in the distance. Since there was no thunderstorm anywhere along the route, the lightning was clearly not caused by a storm.
This phenomenon remains unexplained; Scientists believe that the red glow may be the reflection of a volcanic eruption on the ocean floor.
9. Annual Animal Migration
Animal migration is a natural phenomenon where animals travel from one place to another, usually at certain times of the year.
However, scientists still do not understand how such complex movements can be embedded in the brains of different species of birds, fish, insects and mammals.
10. Stone balls of Costa Rica
Throughout the area you can find many stone balls that range in size from a small bowling ball to a ball reaching 2.5 meters in diameter.
These balls are scattered throughout the country, and their perfect shape suggests that they are unlikely to have been made by local people using crude tools. Nobody knows where they came from or how they got there.
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10 ancient wonders that still remain a mystery
Throughout human history, civilizations have been born and died countless times. Today, anthropologists and archaeologists are trying to piece together a chronology of the rise and fall of civilizations. At the same time, secrets are often discovered that cannot be solved.
1. Unfinished obelisk in Egypt
In the northern part of the quarries of Ancient Egypt in Aswan, the so-called “Unfinished Obelisk” was found, which is larger than any obelisk built in the entire history of mankind. Its height (more precisely, length, since the obelisk lies) is 42 meters. Some scientists believe that its construction was abandoned because cracks were discovered during the construction process. Others believe that Pharaoh Hatshepsut prohibited the construction of this obelisk. If it were completed, the height of the structure would be about 42 m, and it would weigh about 1200 tons.
2. Dwarka. Mythical city in India
Dwarka is one of the most ancient cities in India. Now this 8x3 km city rests 35 meters deep in the Gulf of Cambay off the western coast of India. The discovery was especially surprising to scientists because Dwarka predates all other finds in the area by at least 5,000 years, indicating a much longer history of civilization than previously thought (carbon dating estimates Dwarka's age at 10,000 years). It is believed that the city was flooded during the last ice age, when Arctic ice began to melt. Surprisingly, many architectural elements remained intact.
3. Menga Dolmen in Spain
The Menga Dolmen (or Cueva de Menga) is a megalithic burial mound dating back to the 3rd millennium BC. It is located near the city of Antequera in the Spanish province of Malaga. The dolmen was built from 32 stone blocks, the weight of which reaches 180 tons. When this ancient tomb was opened and examined in the 19th century, archaeologists found the skeletons of several hundred people inside.
4. Ggantija in Malta
The megalithic temple complex on the island of Gozo, which is older than Stonehenge and the pyramids, is one of the most important archaeological sites in Malta. The complex consists of two giant temples built in the Neolithic era (approximately 3600 - 2500 BC), which are surrounded by a common wall built of vertical stones up to 5.5 m long and weighing up to 50 tons. It is believed that Ggantija was built to celebrate fertility as images and figurines related to fertility have been found in it. Due to the gigantic size of the megaliths in past centuries, some locals believed that the temples were built by giants.
5. Yonaguni Monument in Japan
Yonaguni is a submerged huge megalithic complex off the coast of Yonaguni, the southernmost of the Ryukyu Islands in Japan. In 1986, diver Kihachiro Aratake near Yonaguni noticed strange structures at a depth of about 25 meters. He was stunned by the huge rectangular formations (with perfect 90 degree angles), straight walls, steps, columns and step pyramids. In the center of the complex stood a 5-story building with a height of 42.43 meters and sides of 183 by 150 m. The huge stone monument consisted of a perfectly flat flat platform and terraces of unusual shapes.
Other interesting objects were also discovered, including sculptures made of stone that resemble animal figures. Masaaki Kimura, a marine geologist at the University of the Ryukyu in Japan who has studied the site for more than 15 years, estimates that Yonaguni is about 5,000 years old and was sunk during an earthquake 2,000 years ago. Others have estimated that the structure is much older. Dozens of other structures were later found along the banks of Yonaguni, including a castle, five temples and what appears to be a huge stadium. All these structures are connected to each other by roads and canals.
6. Olmec heads in Mexico
The Olmecs were an advanced early Mesoamerican civilization that greatly influenced later cultures such as the Aztecs and Mayans. The Olmec culture flourished along the coast of modern Mexico from 200 to 400 BC. e. The Olmecs were extremely talented artists and sculptors; after this civilization, many statues, steles, masks, figurines, etc. remained.
The most famous Olmec creations are the giant stone heads - at least seventeen monumental stone sculptures in the form of human heads that are carved from large blocks of basalt. The stone heads date back to at least 900 BC. e. There is now much debate in scientific circles regarding the origin of the sculptures, given the clearly African features of their faces.
7. Gobekli Tepe in Turkey
The temple complex on the Armenian Highlands is the oldest of the large megalithic structures in the world. Its age is estimated at a staggering 12,000 years, i.e. Göbekli Tepe is 6,000 years older than Stonehenge. This complex is a series of round and oval stone structures created on the top of a hill. Although Göbekli Tepe was first discovered in 1963, upon further excavations in 1995 it became clear that the complex consists of not just one, but many temples and other religious buildings from the Stone Age.
8. Karnak stones in France
The Karnak Stones are a huge and very dense group of megaliths (consisting of more than 3,000 menhirs, dolmens and mounds) on the territory of the French commune of Karnak. The megaliths of Karnak are arranged in long rows of hundreds of structures, some of which extend over a kilometer in length. Researchers believe that the construction of the megaliths at Karnak began sometime during the Neolithic period (around 4000 BC), and they were built over the next 2000 years.
There are three main groups of stone courses: Le Menec, Kermario and Kerleskan.
Le Menec - eleven rows of menhirs converging together, 1165 meters long and 100 meters wide.
Kermario - 10 fanning rows of 1029 stone columns, about 1300 meters in length.
Kerleskan is a smaller group of 555 stones, which is located to the east of the other two compositions. It consists of 13 rows of stones with a total length of about 800 meters.
9. Giant stone balls in Costa Rica
Stone balls are one of the strangest mysteries in archeology, discovered at the mouth of the Diquis River, on the Nicoya Peninsula and on Caño Island in Costa Rica. Since 1930, hundreds of similar stone balls have been found with a diameter ranging from a few centimeters to more than 2 meters. Today there are about 300 balls, the largest of which weigh more than 16 tons. Almost all the balls are made of granodiorite in (as scientists believe) 1000 - 500 AD. BC e. The origin of the stones is surrounded by numerous myths. One of them says that the balls remained from Atlantis. No one knows what they were used for.
10. Moai of Easter Island
Easter Island, which is the territory of Chile, is located in the southeastern part of the Pacific Ocean. Easter Island is best known for its 887 giant monolithic moai statues, which were carved by the local population between 1250 and 1500 AD. e. The height of the largest statue is 21 meters, and its weight is more than 160 tons. The average height of the statues is 4 meters. There has been much speculation regarding the purpose of the statues and the role they played in the ancient civilization of Easter Island, but the moai still remain a mystery.
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The history of our planet is full of amazing mysteries. And a lifetime is not enough to solve them. But you are together website You can briefly look through the keyhole of the door, behind which lies a whole world of crazy secrets.
1. Moa birds
Moas are flightless birds that lived in New Zealand and became extinct around 1500, destroyed (according to one theory) by the Maori aborigines. During one of the expeditions, scientists came across a huge part of a bird's paw, which was incredibly well preserved.
2. Temple complex of Sacsayhuaman, Peru
3. Gate of the Sun, Bolivia
The Gate of the Sun is located in Tiwanaku, an ancient and mysterious city. Some scholars believe that in the first millennium AD it was the center of a huge empire. There is still no idea what the drawings on the gate mean. Perhaps they carried some astrological and astronomical value.
4. Longyu Grottoes, China
The grottoes were carved out of sandstone by people - it was a complex job in which thousands of Chinese must have definitely taken part, but nowhere is there any mention of these grottoes or how they were created.
5. Obelisk, Egypt
They began to cut the obelisk right into the rock, but cracks appeared along it. It was left unfinished. The sizes are simply stunning!
6. Underwater city, o. Yonaguni, Japan
The complex was accidentally discovered by diving instructor Kihachiro Aratake. This underwater city destroys all scientific theories. The rock in which it was carved sank under water about 10,000 years ago, that is, much earlier than the construction of the Egyptian pyramids. According to modern ideas of some scientists, in that distant era people huddled in caves and only knew how to collect edible roots and hunt wild animals, and not build stone cities.
7. Mohenjo-Daro (Hill of the Dead), Pakistan
For many decades now, archaeologists have been concerned about the mystery of the death of this city. In 1922, Indian archaeologist R. Banarji discovered ancient ruins on one of the islands of the Indus River. Even then, questions arose: how was this large city destroyed, where did its inhabitants go? The excavations did not answer any of them.
L Avrenty Beria was a very influential official during the reign of I. Stalin. Researchers claim that Beria was a very controversial person, so his activities still constantly provide a subject for study by history experts. His life path is marked by monstrous repressions of people and crimes, shocking in their cruelty. Occupying the position of head of the NKVD, he arrogated to himself the right to decide the fate of entire nations. Of course, all his actions were agreed upon and supported by Stalin. Beria was sure that after Stalin's death, it would be he who would become the head of the country. But in the battle for the highest post of the state, he lost to Khrushchev. In June 1953 he was arrested. But the last days of the “man in pince-nez” still remain a mystery, despite the fact that the trial of the traitor to the Motherland and his execution were officially announced.
Although the all-powerful Beria understood that after Stalin’s death he would have to fight for power with his former comrades, his position was quite strong: after all, he held the position of head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and State Security. Beria spent many years collecting dossiers on all influential politicians in the country and hoped to use this information in the struggle for his power.
The conflict entered the open phase at the plenum, which took place without Beria’s participation. Molotov, Khrushchev, Bulganin actively began to accuse Beria of anti-Sovietism, failure to fulfill his duties and organizing surveillance of Politburo members, friendly relations with the “traitor” Tito, and mistakes in implementing national policy (Beria considered it necessary to give the republics greater independence from the center). They remembered all the mistakes of his youth and his time working for Georgian intelligence. The numerous love adventures of the former security officer did not go without mention.
Since that time, information about the fate of Beria is so contradictory that it seems that all the voiced versions are false and the truth is still hidden from society.
The arrest of Beria was officially announced at a meeting of the Council of Ministers. Khrushchev constantly recalled that he personally grabbed Beria's hand to prevent him from drawing his weapon. Zhukov took credit for the arrest: he claimed that he forced Beria to raise his hands and even “shook” him. General Moskalenko, in his memoirs, wrote that he held Beria at gunpoint while Malenkov announced his arrest. Brezhnev also often recalled his participation in the arrest of Lavrentiy Beria.
The arrested man, a former all-powerful leader, was kept in a bunker. Again, according to the official version, Beria was shot at the end of December 1953. Doubts about whether this was true arose during Khrushchev's reign. It turned out that the execution report, stored in a secret archive, did not contain the signature of the doctor, whose duties included ascertaining death. Also, the document on the cremation of Beria’s body was not found.
Some historians are confident that Beria was killed before the plenum, at which his former comrades accused him of all crimes. And his double took part in the trial. It was not difficult to hide this fact, since the process was closed. None of the former associates of the all-powerful minister was present at the court hearings: they only listened to the radio broadcast from the courtroom while in their offices.
In addition, there are memoirs of Beria’s son, Sergo, who is sure that his father was killed without any trial. So, according to Beria’s son, on the day of his father’s arrest, he was informed about a shootout that had occurred near the house where their family lived. When he arrived at the mansion, he saw broken glass and traces of a shootout: Beria’s guards died in it, and, perhaps, according to Sergo’s assumption, the all-powerful official himself. So far this version has not been confirmed.
The archives contain letters from Beria, written by the prisoner to his comrades. In every word of these desperate messages there was a request not to commit reprisals against him without a serious investigation into all aspects of the charges. He assured the members of the Central Committee that all the accusations were far-fetched and hoped for his rehabilitation. However, none of his former comrades even tried to help him: each of the officials considered it his duty to expose Beria as an enemy of the state.
Eyewitnesses claimed that all of Beria’s opponents arrived in some kind of euphoria and performed hectic actions. Khrushchev was especially happy about the reprisal against Beria. And no matter how senior officials called Beria in their speeches: a traitor, an adventurer, a criminal, no one talked about whether an investigation was carried out, and whether Beria was given the opportunity to answer the charges brought against him (it is known that his enemy Bukharin, in due time, Stalin allowed him to speak at the trial). This can be explained as follows: either there was no one to justify himself, since he had already been killed, or everyone was afraid that Beria might tell about their unseemly deeds committed in public office. Even after many years, all senior officials preferred to remain silent about those events.
According to the officers guarding Beria in the bunker, to prevent the arrestee from escaping, neither his former subordinates nor service personnel were allowed to see him. But after some time this ban was lifted. There is an assumption that this happened after Beria’s place in the bunker was taken by his double: his escape no longer frightened anyone.
There is another version of what happened. She suggests that Beria remained alive and managed to hide in Latin America (this is where many Nazi criminals hid after 45).
According to another version, if Beria was not killed during the arrest, then he was shot in the bunker immediately after being taken into custody. In the archives there is a document signed by Khrushchev, from which it can be assumed that Beria was dealt with long before the trial.
Until now, researchers are trying to restore those distant pages of Soviet history. Letters and memoirs of participants in those events are carefully read. Based on the notes of Marshal Zhukov, it became clear that the military commander was not only an accomplice of Khrushchev, but he personally commanded the capture group.
It also turned out that the statement about Khrushchev’s “brave” behavior during the arrest of Beria was a complete bluff: there was no heroic shot from Khrushchev towards the “traitor”.
Zhukov was subsequently removed from guarding the prisoner and was not present at court hearings. But in his memoirs there is information about the last seconds of Beria’s life, told to the marshal by the one from whose bullet the former head of the power ministries, General P. Batitsky, died. According to the officer, during the execution, Beria cried, knelt, and hysterically asked for mercy.
It is still unknown whether Beria was executed or whether he managed to leave the country. There is no evidence of the burial of the formerly all-powerful official, although at that time reporting on “grave” activities in state security was well organized.
Was this execution sufficient retribution for the crimes he committed throughout his life? Perhaps it is not for us to judge this, but for the descendants of those who suffered from this man.
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The death of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky remains a mystery to this day...
P. I. Tchaikovsky 1867
The official version of Tchaikovsky's death was as follows: after the performance of the Sixth "Pathetique" Symphony at the St. Petersburg Philharmonic, he went to Leiner's restaurant on Nevsky Prospect and drank a glass of water, which, as doctors claimed, contained cholera germs that were rampant in St. Petersburg. Four days later, on November 6, 1893, Pyotr Ilyich died.
For many years, no one questioned the cause of the composer’s death, until in 1981, a certain Orlova, who in 1938 worked at the Tchaikovsky House-Museum in Klin, expressed a different version. Having emigrated from the USSR, she reported that she had irrefutable evidence that Tchaikovsky, in fear of exposure of his homosexuality, killed himself by poisoning himself with arsenic. 
Cholera in those years was considered a disease of the poor, not the bourgeoisie, in addition, Tchaikovsky’s body was not sealed in a zinc coffin, as was usually done in the case of cholera. And neither Tchaikovsky nor anyone else could have become infected in such an expensive restaurant.
But the world-famous French novelist Dominique Fernandezpi, investigating the mystery of Tchaikovsky’s death, believed that in Russia what happened to him two years later in England with the writer Oscar Wilde: high society, which for the time being turned a blind eye to the homosexual inclinations of both outstanding people, suddenly decided to settle scores with them. According to the criminal code, homosexuality was prosecuted in Russia and Alexander III, who was reputed to be a great moralist, directed the arrows of royal wrath towards one of his subjects. 
In any case, the composer was buried according to the Orthodox rite, which would have been impossible if the version of suicide had been confirmed. Moreover, Tchaikovsky was buried in the Kazan Cathedral - the first time that a memorial service was served in this cathedral for a person not of the noble class. More than sixty thousand people attended the funeral of the great composer, including people of royal blood.
Tchaikovsky was buried in St. Petersburg, at the Tikhvin Cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra (Necropolis of Masters of Arts). The tombstone at the composer's grave (sk. P. P. Kamensky) was installed in 1897 - a forged fence of a complex design on a high base of the lawn, in the center of which there is a granite block with a bronze portrait of the composer, overshadowed by the wings of angels.
