KUNAEV DINMUKHAMED AKHMEDOVICH
Kunaev Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich (1912-1993) - an outstanding statesman and public figure, three times Hero of Socialist Labor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. Born in the city of Verny (present-day Almaty). Graduated from the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy. He worked as a drilling machine operator, shop manager, chief engineer of the plant, and director of the Konrat mine at the Balkhash copper smelter. In 1936-1942. held senior positions in the Altai, Ridder, and Leninogorsk mines. In 1942-1952. Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh SSR, the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR. In April 1952, he was elected president of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan. In 1955-1960, 1962-1964. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR. Over the 45 years that D. Kunaev spent in senior leadership positions, almost 25 of them were the first leader of the republic. He made a significant contribution to the socio-economic and cultural development of Kazakhstan. The republic's mining production reached a high level, new production regions of Kazakhstan were formed, new cities and regional settlements were built. During the years of his leadership of the republic, the Pavlodar-Ekibastuz fuel and energy complex, the Karaganda State District Power Plant-2, the Bukhtarminskaya Hydroelectric Power Station in Eastern Kazakhstan, the Pavlodar Tractor Plant, and many other industrial enterprises began operating, the Mangystau oil fields were developed, railway construction was developed, production and production began titanium, magnesium, synthetic rubber, various branches of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and chemistry developed rapidly. Mangystau, Zhezkazgan, and Torgai regions were formed. He paid special attention to the development of the Kerbulak Plain, the construction of the Kapshagai reservoir, and the Great Almaty Canal. At the same time, the republic's industry remained the raw material base of the Soviet Union. The intensive development of the military-industrial complex in the USSR also affected the economy of Kazakhstan. D. Kunaev supported famous figures of science, literature, art and the intelligentsia. Under D. Kunaev in 1977-1982. A fundamental 5-volume scientific work on the history of Kazakhstan was published in the Kazakh and Russian languages. He took effective measures to preserve the established territorial borders of the republic and its integrity. He returned the cotton-growing areas in the south, given to Uzbekistan, to Kazakhstan, and opposed the initiatives of the Center (Moscow) to create German autonomy in Kazakhstan and transfer Mangystau to Turkmenistan. During the years of his leadership, the capital of the republic, the city of Almaty, turned into a highly developed and industrial cultural center, the Palace of the Republic, KazGUgrad, the Arasan health center, and the Medeu sports complex were built. Since 1985, M. S. Gorbachev began reforming the modern political and economic system. On December 16, 1986, at an extraordinary plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, the representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan G. Razumovsky announced the decision of the Politburo to dismiss D. Kunaev from his post and appoint G. Kolbin as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. The appointment of G. Kolbin caused a wave of popular discontent, which resulted in the December events of 1986. The central leadership accused D. Kunaev of organizing this rally. On June 26, 1987, D. Kunaev was expelled from the CPSU Central Committee. In the entire history of the Kazakh party organization, D. Kunaev was the third Kazakh who was its First Party Secretary. D. Kunaev was a man of the “system”, believed in the “socialist choice” and the “communist idea”. Author of many scientific works devoted to the problems of social and communist construction, issues of theory and practice of open-pit mining, about 200 scientific works. Awarded 8 Orders of Lenin, orders and medals. The name of a prominent representative of the party elite was given to the Institute of Mining, a number of schools and streets in the country, and the university in Almaty. In 1992, the “D. Kunaev International Foundation” was created in Almaty, and a house museum was opened. On August 15, 2003, in the village of Akshi, Alakol district, Almaty region, where D. Kunaev spent the last period of his life, a memorial plaque was installed.
Biography
Kunaev Dinmukhamed Akhmetovich
(1912-1993)
A prominent public and statesman, scientist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan (1952), Doctor of Technical Sciences (1969), three times Hero of Socialist Labor (1972, 1976, 1982). Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunaev was born on January 12, 1912 in the city of Verny, now the city Almaty. His ancestors were livestock farmers and lived on the banks of the Kurta and Ili rivers in the Kuigan area. Before retiring, Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich’s father worked in agricultural and trade organizations in the Alma-Ata region. Mother, Zaure Bairovna, was born into a poor peasant family in the village of Chilik, Chilik district. They lived together for over seventy years.
In 1931, Dinmukhamed came to Moscow with a permit from the Kazakh Regional Committee of the Komsomol to enter the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold. After graduating from the institute in 1936, he was assigned to the Balkhash construction site. He worked as a foreman at the newly created eastern dump. I worked and saved material for my thesis on the topic “Determination of the capacity of the Kounradsky quarry for the production of 90 thousand tons of black copper per year.”
In 1936-1942 he held senior positions in the Altai, Ridder, and Leninogorsk mines. In 1942-1952 - Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the KazSSR, the Council of Ministers of the KazSSR. In April 1952 he was elected president of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan. In 1955-1960, 1962-1964 Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the KazSSR. In 1960-1962, 1964-1986 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. Over the 45 years that Kunaev spent in senior leadership positions, almost 25 of them were the first leader of the republic.
He made a significant contribution to the socio-economic and cultural development of Kazakhstan. Under him, the mining and ore production of the republic reached a high level, new production regions of Kazakhstan were formed, new cities and settlements were built. During the years of his leadership of the republic, the Pavlodar-Ekibastuz fuel and energy complex, the Karaganda State District Power Plant-2, the Buktyrminskaya Hydroelectric Power Station in Eastern Kazakhstan, the Pavlodar Tractor Plant, and many other industrial enterprises began operating, the Mangystau oil fields were developed, railway construction was developed, production and production began titanium, magnesium, synthetic rubber, various branches of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and chemistry developed rapidly. Mangystau, Zhezkazgan, and Torgai regions were formed. Kunaev paid special attention to the development of the Kerbulak Plain, the construction of the Kapshagai reservoir, and the Great Almaty Canal (Ulken Almaty Canal). At the same time, the industry of the republic still remained the raw material base of the Soviet Union. The intensive development of the military-industrial complex in the USSR also affected the economy of Kazakhstan. Factories in Almaty, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Petropavlovsk, Uralsk, Stepnogorsk specialized in the production of military products. Military training grounds and enterprises caused significant harm to the republic’s ecology.
D. A. Kunaev supported famous figures of science, literature, art and the intelligentsia. Under him in 1977-1982. A fundamental 5-volume scientific work on the history of Kazakhstan was published in the Kazakh and Russian languages. Kunaev took effective measures to preserve the existing territorial borders of the republic and its integrity. He returned the cotton-growing areas in the South, given to Uzbekistan, to Kazakhstan, and opposed initiatives from Moscow to create German autonomy in Kazakhstan and transfer Mangystau to Turkmenistan. During the years of his leadership, the capital of the republic, Almaty (then Alma-Ata), turned into a highly developed industrial, cultural and scientific center, the Palace of the Republic, KazGUgrad, the Arasan health center, the Medeu sports complex, and many beautiful buildings were built.
Since 1985, M. S. Gorbachev began reforming the Soviet political and economic system. On December 16, 1986, at an extraordinary plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, the representative of the Central Committee of the CPSU G. Razumovsky announced the decision of the Politburo to relieve Kunaev from his post and appoint G.V. Kolbin as 1st Secretary. The appointment of G.V. Kolbin caused a wave of popular discontent, which resulted in the December events of 1986. The central leadership accused Kunaev of organizing this rally. On June 26, 1987, Kunaev was expelled from the CPSU Central Committee, then from the Central Committee of the Communist Party.
He passed away on August 22, 1993. The name of Kunaev was given to the Institute of Mining, a number of schools and streets in the country, and a university in Almaty. On October 13, 1992, the Kunaev International Foundation was created in Almaty. On January 12, 2002, Kunaev’s house-museum was opened in Almaty. On August 15, 2003, in the village of Akshi, Alakol district, Almaty region, where Kunaev spent the last period of his life, a memorial plaque was installed. Awarded 8 orders of Lenin and medals.
Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunaev had to work in different periods of the country's life. His many years of creative work were not in vain, the positive experience cannot be discarded, many results can now be proud of.
Bibliography
Aitkhozhin, K. State construction of Kazakhstan in the era of Kunaev / K. Aitkhozhin // Thought. - 2014. - No. 2. - P. 42-47.
Vladimirov, V. Dossier on the First, or according to the notes of wolf friendship: historical parallels. From the cycle “On the scaffold of the 20th century” / V. Vladimirov // Niva. - 2009. - No. 7. - P. 147-180.
Vladimirov, V. The blue ball is spinning and spinning: [from the cycle “Next to Kunaev”] / V. Vladimirov // Face to face: from the past - near and far. - Almaty. - 2012. - T. 4. - P. 5-23.
Vladimirov, V. Look around not in annoyance. What is virgin land: [through the eyes of a writer] / V. Vladimirov // Face to face: from the past - near and far. - Almaty. - 2012. - T. 4. - P. 24-163.
Grebenyuk, O. My name is Dinmukhamed: [on the 100th anniversary of the birth of the Kazakh political figure] / O. Grebenyuk // Friendly guys. - 2012. - March 13 (No. 10). - P. 5.
Danilchenko, A. Son of his era: [to the 100th anniversary of the birth of D. Kunaev] / A. Danilchenko; photo by T. Shepherd // Friendly guys. - 2012. - March 13 (No. 10). - P. 5.
Degtyarev, N. This was Tselinnik with a capital letter: [D. Kunaev, Tselina and Kostanay] / N. Degtyarev // Kostanay news. - 2007. - January 10. - P. 3.
Degtyarev, N. Simple and wise: [to the 95th anniversary of D. A. Kunaev] / N. Degtyarev // Kostanay news. - 2007. - January 11. - P. 4.
Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunaev / comp. O. Kozybaev // In the land of bread and metal: ZhZL of Kostanay and Turgay regions. Meetings, conversations, dialogues. Book 1. - Almaty. - 1994. - P. 48-56.
Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunaev - Man of the Century // Friendly guys. - 2016. - June 7 (No. 23). - P. 4.
Zhandauletov, V. Outstanding leader: [to the 100th anniversary of Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunaev] / V. Zhandauletov // Thought. - 2012. - No. 1. - P. 79-81.
Zdorovets, N. “He knew how to separate the wheat from the chaff”: [on the 100th anniversary of Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunaev] / N. Zdorovets // Our newspaper. - 2012. - No. 3 (January 19). - P. 30.
Lempert, L. Personality in the history of the country / L. Lempert // Kostanay news. - 2009. - January 13. - P. 4.
Liventsov, V. A. Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunaev / V. A. Liventsov; comp. O. Kozybaev // In the land of bread and metal: ZhZL of Kostanay and Turgay regions. Meetings, conversations, dialogues. Book 1. - Almaty. - 1994. - P. 48-56.
Personality: memories of D. A. Kunaev / author. S. Abdraimuly, A. Goryainov. - Almaty: Sanat, 2007. - 368 p. + l. ill.
Melnikova, E. Dinmukhamed Kunaev. 100 years: events / E. Melnikova // Nomad-Kazakhstan. - 2013. - No. 1. - P. 82-85.
Morozov, N. Great son of his people: [D. A. Kunaev] / N. Morozov; comp. O. Kozybaev // In the land of bread and metal: ZhZL of Kostanay and Turgay regions. Meetings, conversations, dialogues. Book 5. - Almaty. - 1995. - P. 8-17.
Myrzekov, A. House of D. A. Kunaev in Almaty / A. Myrzekov // Kumbez. - 2007. - No. 2. - P. 36-38.
Our glorious ancestors // Kumisbaev, Sh. They were the first / Trans. O. Zhanaidarova. - Almaty, 2013. - pp. 212-228.
Ustinov, A. Kazakhs and Russians: the era of Kunaev: [party leadership in the sphere of culture] / A. Ustinov // Niva. - 2007. - No. 4; No. 5. - pp. 142-162.
Shimyrbaeva, G. Son of his time: on the 100th anniversary of Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunaev / G. Shimyrbaeva // Baiterek. - 2012. - No. 1. - P. 44-47.
Works
Kunaev, D. A. Mukhtar Auezov and Russian literature / D. A. Kunaev. - Alma-Ata: Rauan, 1992. - 98 p.
Kunaev, D. A. About my time / D. A. Kunaev. - Alma-Ata: Dauir: Yntymak, 1992. - 312 p. + l. ill.
Kunaev, D. The house where spiritual values are stored / D. Kunaev // Kazakhstanskaya Pravda. - 2013. - October 25 (No. 301). - P. 12.
YES. Kunaev (reigned 1960-1962, 1964-1986)
He graduated from the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold (1936), receiving the qualification of a mining engineer. Has more than 100 scientific papers.
After graduating from the institute, he was sent to Pribalkhashstroy. In the initial period of the Great Patriotic War, he was deputy chief engineer and head of the technical department of the Altaipolymetal plant, as well as director of the Ridder mine of the Leninogorsk mining department.
He worked as Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh SSR (1942-1952), President of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR (1952-1955), Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR (1955-1960, 1962-1964), First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan (1960-1962, 1964-1986).
YES. Kunaev was a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee for more than 20 years, and a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR for 25 years.
Three times Hero of Socialist Labor, awarded 8 Orders of Lenin.
The formation of Kunaev’s personality took place during the Stalin era, under the conditions of a strictly centralized administrative system. Its fate was formed under the influence of socio-economic processes, which were characterized, on the one hand, by universal optimism and the unbending faith of the people in the ideals of socialism, on the other - repression, harsh strong-willed decisions of the system, “burning out” the history, ethnic culture and traditions of entire peoples .
While still a student, D. Kunaev became convinced of the plight of the republic. Remembering this time, he, as the leader of the republic, made a significant contribution to its development. The development program was aimed at establishing industrial production, agriculture, and intensive construction. Favorable socio-economic conditions determined the successful demographic development of the population. In order to improve the quality of leadership, three new regions were organized, thousands of settlements emerged, including 43 cities. Particular attention was paid to the formation of the scientific potential of the republic.
The professional path of the young engineer began after graduating from the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold in 1936, when he was assigned to the Balkhash construction site. Having worked his way up from an ordinary driver to the chief engineer of a mine, Kunaev became a highly professional industrial leader. In November 1938, the first Balkhash copper was obtained. YES. Kunaev was awarded a state award - the medal "For Labor Distinction".
In September 1939 D.A. Kunaev was appointed director of the Ridder mine. In a short period, the new director of the mine brought it from lagging behind to leading, increasing production volumes many times over.
In April 1942, Kunaev was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Republic. At the end of February 1949, at the IV Congress of Communists of Kazakhstan, he was elected a member of the Central Committee.
In 1952, Dinmuhammed Akhmetovich was appointed President of the Academy of Sciences.
In March 1955, Kunaev was approved as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the republic. Its founder, K.I., was again elected president of the Republican Academy of Sciences. Satpayev.
During this period, the ministries of non-ferrous metallurgy, construction and installation works, geology, energy, etc. were organized.
In the same year, L.I. was elected first secretary of the CPC Central Committee. Brezhnev. The virgin epic has begun. The development of virgin lands was accompanied by mass migration of people from the Union republics. The virgin lands had an epoch-making impact on the economic development of Kazakhstan, changing not only the structure of the economy, but also the overall socio-demographic picture of the republic.
1959 was one of the difficult years for Kazakhstan. The republic did not fulfill the plan for selling grain to the state. There was unrest in Temirtau: workers went on strike and riots began. On January 19, 1960, at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPC, Belyaev was sharply criticized and dismissed from his job.
On the same day, Kunaev was unanimously elected First Secretary of the CPC Central Committee.
In December 1962, Kunaev was relieved of his post and appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Kazakhstan, which was caused by a number of disagreements with the Moscow leadership, in particular, with the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Nikita Khrushchev.
In October 1964 D.A. Kunaev was in Moscow and attended the Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee, which dismissed Khrushchev as First Secretary and elected Leonid Brezhnev to this post.
The Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPC, held on December 7, 1964 in Alma-Ata, dismissed First Secretary I.A. Yusupov and Dinmuhammed Kunaev was unanimously elected as the party leader of Kazakhstan for the second time.
Kunaev worked under L. Brezhnev for 28 years.
The secretary of the CPSU Central Committee for ideology under Brezhnev was the “gray cardinal” M.A. Suslov, who vigilantly followed the creative intelligentsia. After the publication of Olzhas Suleimenov’s book “Az and I,” central publications began a harsh, targeted persecution of the Kazakh writer, who was accused of distorting historical facts, insulting “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” and inciting Kazakh nationalism.
YES. Kunaev, who read the book with pleasure, immediately came to the defense of O. Suleimenov. After a clash with Suslov, who did not want to change his point of view, Kunaev went to Brezhnev and asked him to read the work. Moscow failed to turn Olzhas Suleimenovitch into a dissident and nationalist.
On November 10, at a meeting of the Politburo, the death of Brezhnev was announced. Afterwards Yu.V. were elected General Secretaries of the party for a short time. Andropov and K.U. Chernenko, who died in March 1985. Candidate M.S. Gorbachev received full support.
In 1985, the XVI Congress of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan took place - the last one under the leadership of D.A. Kunaeva. In the fall of 1986, Kunaev handed Gorbachev a statement asking him to consider the issue of retirement. The Secretary General supported his request without hesitation. In fact, he sanctioned the persecution of Kunaev that took place after the December events of 1986. The campaign against a member of the Politburo, the First Secretary of the Republican Central Committee, a political leader of such a high level could only be authorized by the General Secretary.
On December 11, 1986, a Politburo meeting was held without Kunaev’s participation, which made his decision to retire. On the morning of December 16, the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPC took place, conferring Kunaev’s retirement and electing G.V. as First Secretary. Kolbina.
Like all political leaders of that time, D.A. Kunaev went through all stages of party institutionalization, initially working in production, then moving to party work. Political longevity and vitality of D.A. Many political researchers associate Kunaev with his personal friendship with L.I. Brezhnev. However, the distinctive abilities of his character, mind, psychological make-up, intellect and deep education distinguish him among the political leaders of totalitarian times. Without losing his face, Dinmuhammed Kunaev retained his authority among the people, from whom he enjoyed support and respect.
Meyirzhan Mashan
Childhood. Academic years.
On January 12, 1912, in the city of Verny (now Almaty), a boy Dimash was born. His parents probably didn’t even think that their son would do a lot of useful things for Kazakhstan in the future.
Dinmukhamed studied at first-level school No. 19 named after Chernyshevsky. After finishing the fourth grade, I studied at school No. 14. Dimash Akhmedovich about his school years in his book “From Stalin to Gorbachev”: “The years of studying at school are remembered for a long time. I remember well my first teacher Anna Pavlovna Shurova, who taught me the Russian language and literacy using the ABC book. I will not forget the sensitive and wise teachers of school No. 14: mathematics - Semyon Ivanovich Sokolov, physics - Andrei Alekseevich Astrakhantsev, Izmail Pavlovich Maslennikov, natural science - Boris Nikolaevich Dublitsky, social science - Evgeniy Stepanovich Voitsekhovsky. I am still grateful to my teachers and mentors for their generosity, wise instructions, and knowledge. With special sympathy I remember the Russian language teacher Lyubov Aleksandrovna Fedulova, who put a lot of effort into helping me successfully master the Russian language.” Dinmuhamed was not an excellent student, but he mastered difficult sciences with great pleasure. It was during his school years that Dimash decided to become a mining engineer.
After school, Kunaev worked as a statistician in the zoning sector of the State Planning Committee of the Republic, and in the evenings he studied at college preparation courses.
Years of schooling have passed. In 1931, young Dimash goes to Moscow with a permit from the regional committee of the Komsomol of Kazakhstan to enter the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold. M.I. Kalinina. Start of work.
When Dinmukhamed graduated from the mining department of the institute in July 1936, he was sent to the Kounrad-Balkhash construction site.
Dinmukhamed Kunaev about his assignment to Balkhash-Konrad: “My career began here. I was not new to these parts. I knew Kounrad and his people when I had a five-month internship here. I then worked as a foreman at the newly created eastern village. I worked and saved material for my thesis on the topic: “Determination of the capacity of the Kounrad quarry for the production of 90 thousand tons of black copper per year.” He defended his diploma with an “excellent” grade. It so happened that my first steps were related to the development of non-ferrous metallurgy in Kazakhstan. And to this day I am proud that I am one of the participants in the birth of the country’s powerful copper industry in Central Kazakhstan, and then the lead-zinc industry in Rudny Altai.”
While here, Dimash Akhmedovich worked as a drilling rig operator, foreman, shift engineer, and director of the Kounrad mine.
Having received his first working leave, Dinmukhamed goes to Almaty. Here he met his future wife Zukhra Yalymova.
The vacation ended and Kunaev returned to the mine.
Heading to Ridder. Wedding.
Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich is sent to the Ridder Polymetallic Plant as director of the Ridder Mining Department. Having stayed in Almaty for only a few days, Di-mash met with his future wife Zukhra and said these words: “What do you think, Zukhra, if we go to Ridder together?” Kunaev: “It was a declaration of love and an offer to become my wife. She agreed, and these were the happiest days of my life. I thank fate for connecting my life with a beloved, sensitive, attentive and charming person.”
The wedding took place on October 18 in the apartment of Dinmukhamed’s older sister Amina Akhmedovna. Comrades from the Kunaev Institute, teachers of the Kazakh Mining and Metallurgical Institute, engineers Zhaksybaev, Kravchenko, Dimash Akhmedovich’s longtime acquaintance Arykov, Zukhra’s uncle Garif Sharipovich with his young wife and Dinmukhamed’s sisters were invited.
The pre-war situation on the borders of the USSR increased the demands on strategic thought - the metallurgical industry. In a short period, the new director of the mine brought it from lagging behind to leading, increasing production volumes many times over. In 1941, Ridder was renamed Leninogorsk. It must be added that during the war, 9 out of 10 bullets fired at the enemy were smelted from Lenino-Gorsk lead.
Call to the Central Committee. New position.
In April 1942 D.A. Kunaev was summoned to the disposal of the Central Committee, where on April 20 he was appointed deputy chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the republic. From June 6, 1942 D.A. Kunaev began working in the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh SSR and, as it turned out later, returned forever to the city of his childhood. The terms of reference defined the coordination of the work of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, the coal and oil industries, power plants, railways, motor transport, and defense factories. At 30 years old D.A. Kunaev was entrusted with the most responsible area of government, by today's standards - the post of Deputy Prime Minister. N.D. worked as the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Kazakhstan at that time. Undasynov, second secretary of the CPC Central Committee - Zh.A. Shayakhmetov.
At the end of February 1949, at the 6th Congress of Communists of Kazakhstan D.A. Kunaev was elected a member of the Central Committee for the first time. However, he and Undasynov were unable to take part in this congress, since they were in the Kzyl-Orda region to clean up the accident.
Kunaev is the head of the Academy of Sciences.
In December 1951, Kunaev was summoned by Shayakhmetov, who was then the first secretary of the CPC Central Committee, and offered to head the Academy of Sciences due to the need to correct the situation regarding the ideological coverage of the history of Kazakhstan, which was refused. After 2 months, the call to the Central Committee was repeated. This time, Shayakhmetov obtained Kunaev’s consent to transfer to the management of science.
At the end of September 1952, the 6th Congress of the CP(b) of Kazakhstan took place, at which the President of the Academy of Sciences was elected a member of the republican Central Committee and a delegate to the 19th Congress of the CP(b) - the last with the participation of Stalin. The 19th Congress opened on October 5, 1952.
At the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPC in February 1954, First Secretary Zh.A. was relieved of his post for unsatisfactory management of the village. Shayakhmetov. Soon, at the 7th Congress of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, P.K. was elected First Secretary. Ponomarenko, second - L.I. Brezhnev. From the very first days of work, businesslike, good relations developed between the President of the Academy of Sciences and the new party leadership, which played a significant role in strengthening the material and technical base of academic institutions.
Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
In March 1955, a session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was held in Moscow, at which Kunaev’s speech was planned. Kunaev was urgently summoned to P.K. Ponomarenko and L.I. Brezhnev. Here he was informed that at the Bureau of the Central Committee he had been confirmed as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Republic and relieved of his post as President of the Academy of Sciences. Having received an affirmative answer, they said that this issue would be submitted to a session of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR, and at the moment it was necessary to go for an audience with Khrushchev. The first personal meeting went very well.
On April 1, 1955, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the KazSSR D.A. began to fulfill his official duties. Kunaev.
Dimash Akhmedovich is the head of the republic.
January 19, 1960 D.A. Kunaev was unanimously elected First Secretary of the CPC Central Committee. When he was the head of the government of the republic, the ministries of non-ferrous metallurgy, construction and installation works, geology, energy, etc. were organized.
In the fall of 1986 D.A. Kunaev presented M.S. Gorbachev received a request for retirement. The Secretary General supported his request without hesitation.
Retirement. December events in Almaty.
December 11, 1986 without the participation of D.A. Kunaev, a Politburo meeting was held, which decided on his retirement. On the morning of December 16, the Plenum of the CPC Central Committee was held, chaired by D.A. Kunaev retired and elected G.V. as First Secretary. Kolbina.
On the evening of December 17 and the entire day of the 18th, there was a brutal beating of young people who dared to raise their heads proudly, who felt an insult to their dignity by the totalitarian regime, which verbally proclaimed a new course. The youth sincerely believed in the reality of change and were severely punished for their gullibility.
Gorbachev and Kolbin tried to expose D.A. Kunaev one of the main organizers of the December events. A long-term campaign of malicious persecution of the former republican leader began. Before Kolbin’s recall to Moscow, D.A. Kunaev was actually under house arrest. Some people were not allowed to see him, some themselves avoided contact with the disgraced leader. Perhaps this was the most difficult period in D.A.’s life. Kunaeva. However, with the election of N.A. as First Secretary of the CPC Central Committee. Nazarbayev's surveillance of Kunayev by the special services was immediately lifted.
Parting.
Like all politicians of that time, D.A. Kunaev went through all the traditional stages of party institutionalization, initially working in production, then moving to party work. Political longevity and vitality of D.A. Many political researchers associate Kunaev with his personal friendship with L.I. Brezhnev. However, the distinctive features of his character, mind, psychological make-up, intelligence and deep education distinguish him among the political leaders of the totalitarian era. Without losing his face, D.A. Kunaev retained his authority among the people, from whom he enjoyed support and respect. Let this name remain in our hearts forever.
In the Kuigan area. His father, Minliakhmed (Ahmed) Zhumabaevich (1886-1976), worked in agricultural and trade organizations in the Alma-Ata region, and could write and read competently in Russian and Kazakh. Mother, Zaure Bairovna Kunaeva, nee Shynbolatova (Chimbulatova), was born in 1888 into a poor peasant family in the village of Chilik, Chilik district (present-day Almaty region). They lived together for over seventy years. Comes from the Ysty tribe of the Senior Zhuz.
At the same time, there is controversy surrounding the issue of Kunaev’s origin. According to official data, he is Kazakh by nationality.
Career
He graduated from Alma-Ata school No. 14. He combined classes at school with work as a statistician in the zoning sector of the State Planning Committee of Kazakhstan, and in the evenings he studied at college preparation courses. Graduated (1936), receiving the qualification of a mining engineer. After graduating from the institute, he was sent to Pribalkhashstroy. In the initial period of the Great Patriotic War, he was deputy chief engineer and head of the technical department of the Altaipolymetal plant, as well as director of the Ridder mine of the Leninogorsk mining department.
- 1942-1952 - Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh SSR.
- 1952-1955 - President of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR.
- 1955-1960 - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR.
- 1960-1962 - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
- 1962-1964 - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR.
- 1964-1986 - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
In January 1987, D. A. Kunaev was removed from the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, and in June 1987 from the CPSU Central Committee.
After retirement, he lived in his hometown of Alma-Ata. He died on the evening of August 22, 1993 in the village of Akshi, Alakol district, Almaty region, as a result of a heart attack. Buried on August 25, 1993 at
Dinmukhamed (Dimash) Akhmedovich Kunaev (Kaz. Dinm?hammed (Dimash) Akhmed?ly?onaev, January 12, 1912, Verny, Russian Empire - August 22, 1993, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan) - Soviet statesman and public figure, First Secretary of the Central Committee Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR from 1960 to 1962 and from 1964 to 1986, member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (April 9, 1971 - January 28, 1987), Three times Hero of Socialist Labor (1972, 1976, 1982) . Author of more than 100 scientific papers. Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR (1952). Member of the CPSU since 1939. Deputy of the Council of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 4-11 convocations (1954-1989) from the Alma-Ata region.
Origin: According to the official biography, the ancestors of D.A. Kunaev were livestock breeders from the Kazakh Uysyn tribe, who lived on the banks of the Kurta and Ili rivers in the Kuigan area. His father, Minliakhmed (Ahmed) Zhumabaevich, was born in 1886, worked in agricultural and trade organizations in the Alma-Ata region, and could write and read competently in Russian and Kazakh. Mother, Zaure Bairovna Kunaeva, nee Shynbolatova (Chinbulatova), was born in 1888 into a poor peasant family in the village of Chilik, Chilik district (present-day Almaty region). They lived together for over seventy years.
At the same time, there is controversy surrounding the issue of Kunaev’s origin. According to official data, he is Kazakh by nationality, however, the Uyghur writer Abdukerim Ganiev, in his documentary story “Ismail Yusupov: “With Purity of Thoughts,” claims that in fact Kunaev is a Tatar and changed his nationality in his passport in order to simplify his career growth . This version is also confirmed by party worker Satybaldy Totanov in his autobiographical book “?tken?mir?tkelderi” (“Crossings of a Past Life”).
Graduated from Alma-Ata school No. 14. He combined his studies at school with work as a statistician in the zoning sector of the State Planning Committee of Kazakhstan, and in the evenings he took courses to prepare for college. He graduated from the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold (1936), receiving the qualification of a mining engineer. After graduating from the institute, he was sent to Pribalkhashstroy. In the initial period of the Great Patriotic War, he was deputy chief engineer and head of the technical department of the Altaipolymetal plant, as well as director of the Ridder mine of the Leninogorsk mining department.
- 1942-1952 - Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh SSR.
- 1952-1955 - President of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR.
- 1955-1960 - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR.
- 1960-1962 - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
- 1962-1964 - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR.
- 1964-1986 - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
- On December 7, 1964, the plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan elected Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunaev as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. In seven years, Kazakhstan's economic potential has doubled. For the early implementation of the plan, the following were awarded the Order of Lenin: Balkhash and Dzhezkazgan mining and metallurgical plants, Orders of the Red Banner of Labor: Sokolovsko-Sarbaisky Mining and Processing Plant, Aktobe Chemical Plant, Karaganda Synthetic Rubber Plant, Irtyshugol, Karaganda Meat Processing Plant.
As first secretary, Kunaev firmly implemented the policies of the Central Committee of the CPSU, headed by Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. Vadim Medvedev called Kunaev a protégé of Brezhnev and his loyal supporter. This is explained by their joint work, when Brezhnev was for some time the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan (where he was sent by Moscow from Moldova).
Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunaev was a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee for more than 20 years, and a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR for 25 years. In 1974, Kunaev was awarded the title “Honorary Citizen of the City of Balkhash”, in 1982 - “Honorary Citizen of the City of Ekibastuz”
In February 1986, the XVI Congress of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan took place - the last one under the leadership of D.A. Kunaeva. On December 11, 1986, without Kunaev’s participation, a meeting of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee took place, which made his decision to retire.
On December 16, 1986, during a record short plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, which lasted only 18 minutes, Dinmukhamed Kunaev, accused of large-scale corruption, was removed from the post of first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. In his place, the first secretary of the Ulyanovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU, Gennady Kolbin, was elected on the recommendation of the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. The change of the leader of the republic led to street riots, which went down in Kazakhstani history under the name Zheltoksan.
Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunaev lived in his hometown of Almaty - Almaty. Died on August 22, 1993. He was buried at the Kensai Cemetery.
In honor of D.A. Kunaev street in Almaty was named (Karl Marx Street was renamed). There is a bronze bust of him in a park with fountains. Also a street in honor of D.A. Kunayeva was named in the capital of Kazakhstan, Astana
Results of activities
One of the few leaders of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and the republic (3 out of 18), who was an indigenous nationality and a native of Kazakhstan.
With D.A. Kunaev, nevertheless, the process of Russification was deepened, especially in the field of education (in particular, there was only one Kazakh boarding school in each regional center, and then for the children of rural shepherds).
With D.A. Kunaev, a significant economic growth of Kazakhstan was achieved, the industrial potential of the republic increased significantly (mainly due to the mining, raw materials industries and the energy sector serving them), agriculture, and the annual famous “billion poods” of grain were produced many times over. D.A. himself Kunaev in his book “From Stalin to Gorbachev” (1994) referred to data from the USSR State Statistics Committee:
“For 1955-85.
the volume of industrial production in Kazakhstan increased 8.9 times,
agriculture - 6.2 times,
construction - 68 times,
the number of Kazakhs is 2.5 times,
of the population as a whole - 2 times.
In short, in terms of economic potential, seven Kazakhstans were created at this time, compared to 1955.
On this land, before the October Socialist Revolution, 0.3% of the total production of Tsarist Russia was produced and there were 2-3% of the literate population" [source not specified 267 days].
"About My Time" (1992)
"From Stalin to Gorbachev" (1994)
Three times Hero of Socialist Labor (01/11/1972; 10/6/1976; 01/11/1982)
8 Orders of Lenin (01/11/1957; 01/11/1962; 12/2/1971; 01/11/1972; 12/10/1973; 10/6/1976; 11/1/1979; 01/11/1982)
Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (04/23/1985)
Order of the Red Banner of Labor (11/16/1945)
Medal "For Labor Valor" (12/25/1959)
Medal "For Labor Distinction" (04/26/1939)
other Soviet medals
Order of Georgi Dimitrov (1982, Bulgaria)
Order of Sukhbaatar (1974, Mongolia)
foreign medals.
state public medal of kunai
